Table 3.
Subgroup analysis of relative HRs (95% CI) for the association between HbA1c cut points for individuals with and without diabetes and all-cause mortality among 7,333 adults aged 65 years and older from NHANES III (1988–1994) and Continuous NHANES (1999–2004) through December 2011
| No diabetes |
Undiagnosed diabetes |
Diagnosed diabetes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <5.0% (n = 381) | 5.0–5.6% (n = 3,252) | 5.7–6.4% (n = 2,080) | ≥6.5% (n = 341) | <6.5% (n = 447) | 6.5–7.0% (n = 193) | 7.0–7.9% (n = 272) | 8.0–8.9% (n = 166) | ≥9.0% (n = 201) | |
| Age | |||||||||
| 65–74 years (n = 3,964) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.3* (1.1, 1.5) | 1.4* (1.03, 1.9) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.1 (0.7, 2.0) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) | 2.1* (1.2, 3.9) | 2.0* (1.0, 3.5) |
| ≥75 years (n = 3,369) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.9) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.5, 1.9) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.6) |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male (n = 3,574) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.7) | 1.5* (1.03, 2.3) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.7) | 1.9* (1.1, 3.1) |
| Female (n = 3,759) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.5) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) | 1.8* (1.2, 2.6) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.2) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.7) | 3.0* (1.5, 6.2) | 1.7 (0.6, 4.5) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white (n = 4,570) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.3) | 1.4* (1.1, 1.9) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.1) | 2.0* (1.1, 3.5) | 2.2* (1.4, 3.4) |
| Non-Hispanic black (n = 1,178) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.7 (0.2, 2.2) | 0.5* (0.3, 0.8) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.4, 2.6) |
| Mexican American/other Hispanic (n = 1,302) | 1.6 (0.8, 3.1) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.5* (1.1, 2.1) | 2.6* (1.5, 4.6) | 1.0** (reference) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.6) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.7) | 1.3 (0.6, 2.8) |
| CVD | |||||||||
| Yes (n = 1,383) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.1) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.6 (0.8, 3.3) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.5) | 4.1* (1.7, 10.0) | 2.6 (0.8, 8.0) |
| No (n = 2,469) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.9) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.8) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.3 (0.5, 3.1) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.7) | 0.9 (0.2, 3.3) | 3.9* (1.4, 11.3) |
| Diabetes duration | |||||||||
| ≤10 years (n = 469) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.3) | 1.7 (0.9, 3.0) | 1.7 (0.9, 3.2) | 2.0 (0.9, 4.4) | ||||
| >10 years (n = 779) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.9) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.5) | 1.8 (0.9, 3.6) | 1.6* (1.03, 2.6) | ||||
| Diabetes treatment modality | |||||||||
| Any oral (n = 757) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.6 (1.0, 2.8) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.8) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) | ||||
| Any insulin (n = 373) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.9 (0.4, 2.0) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.1) | 1.5 (0.6, 3.7) | 1.0 (0.5, 1.9) | ||||
Data are weighted estimates. Models are adjusted for age, sex, education, race, current smoking status, BMI, HDL cholesterol, and hypertension.
*P < 0.05.
**P for interaction for HbA1c category and risk factor <0.05.