Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients
| Obese controls without T2DM or NAFLD (n = 18) | Obese with T2DM |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No NAFLD (n = 50) | Isolated steatosis (n = 21) | NASH (n = 65) | ||
| Age (years) | 53 ± 2 | 60 ± 1* | 57 ± 1 | 55 ± 1 |
| Sex (male/female), % | 56/44 | 84/16 | 71/29 | 78/22 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.3 ± 0.7 | 34.0 ± 0.5 | 35.4 ± 0.8 | 36.5 ± 0.5 |
| Total body fat by DXA (%) | 36 ± 2 | 35 ± 1 | 38 ± 2 | 37 ± 1 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 105 ± 2 | 139 ± 7* | 137 ± 8* | 146 ± 5* |
| A1C (%) | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 7.0 ± 0.2* | 6.8 ± 0.2* | 7.2 ± 0.2* |
| Diabetes medication (%) | ||||
| Metformin | 76 | 58 | 70 | |
| Sulfonylureas | 39 | 11 | 48 | |
| Insulin | 24 | 35 | 24 | |
| FPI (µU/mL) | 8 ± 2 | 9 ± 1 | 12 ± 2 | 19 ± 2*,^ |
| HOMA | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 6.8 ± 0.7* |
| Liver fat by 1H-MRS (%) | 3 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 | 15 ± 2*,# | 15 ± 1* |
| AST (IU/L) | 29 ± 4 | 25 ± 2 | 26 ± 2 | 50 ± 4*,^ |
| ALT (IU/L) | 31 ± 6 | 28 ± 3 | 32 ± 3 | 66 ± 6*,^ |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 127 ± 4 | 139 ± 3* | 128 ± 2 | 135 ± 2 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76 ± 2 | 80 ± 1 | 74 ± 1 | 78 ± 1 |
| On BP medication (%) | 65 | 91 | 72 | 91 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 173 ± 7 | 153 ± 4 | 164 ± 11 | 170 ± 6 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 108 ± 14 | 122 ± 8 | 135 ± 13 | 215 ± 19*,^ |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 104 ± 5 | 87 ± 3 | 97 ± 10 | 92 ± 5 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 47 ± 3 | 41 ± 1 | 40 ± 2 | 38 ± 1* |
| Use of statins (%) | 53 | 71 | 67 | 69 |
Data are mean ± SEM unless otherwise indicated. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BP, blood pressure. Symbols represent P values from Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons:
*P ≤ 0.05 compared with control subjects;
#P < 0.05 compared with T2DM without NAFLD;
^P < 0.05 compared with T2DM and isolated steatosis.