Table 2.
Complications of metabolic surgery
| Complications | Frequency (%) |
|---|---|
| Sepsis from anastomotic leak | 0.1–5.6 |
| Hemorrhage | 1–4 |
| Cardiopulmonary events | <1 |
| Thromboembolic disease | 0.34 |
| Death | 0.1–0.3 |
| Late complications for LAGB | |
| Band slippage | 15 |
| Leakage | 2–5 |
| Erosion | 1–2 |
| Late complications of bypass procedures | |
| Anastomotic strictures | 1–5 |
| Marginal ulcers | 1–5 |
| Bowel obstructions | 0.5–2 |
| Kidney stones | NK |
| Metabolic bone disease | NK |
| Alcohol use disorder | NK |
| Micronutrient and macronutrient deficiencies from RYGB 2–3 years postoperative | |
| Iron deficiency | 45–52 |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency | 8–37 |
| Calcium deficiency | 10 |
| Vitamin D deficiency | 51 |
| Fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies (A, D, E, and K) and protein calorie malnutrition from BPD+DS procedures | 1–5 |
NK, not known.