Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in hypothalamus of growth hormone receptor gene disrupted or knock out (black bars) and normal aging (white bars) mice. mRNA expression levels of IKKβ, NFκB-p50, NFκB-p65, IL-1β, IGF-1, IGF-1R, VGLUT1, VGLUT3, GLAST, GLT-1, GluN2B, and GluA1 in the hypothalamus of 4- to 6-, 8- to 10-, and 20- to 22-month-old mice. Two-way analysis of variance with a Fisher’s least significant difference post hoc analysis (
n
= 5–9 mice per group). *
p
< .05, **
p
< .01, and ***
p
< .001 indicate significance between ages within the same genotype. #
p
< 0.05, ##
p
< .01, and ###
p
< .001 indicate significance between age-matched genotypes.