Table 3.
Means and Standard Deviations of the Functional Outcomes by Group and Timepoints
| Yoga | Control | η 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Time effects | ||
| Unit | n = 61 | n = 58 | n = 57 | n = 50 | ||
| Balance | ||||||
| Left leg | s | 20.63±11.25 | 23.42±10.04 | 18.2±11.42 | 17.69±11.14 | .01 |
| Right leg | s | 21.32±10.86 | 23.54±10.25 | 18.64±10.36 | 21.31±10.83 | .05* |
| Four square step | s | 7.54±1.41 | 6.7±1.03 | 7.68±1.69 | 7.01±1.28 | .27*** |
| Strength | ||||||
| Arm curls | number of reps | 16.31±4.41 | 20.52±4.63 | 15.04±4.91 | 18.62±5.33 | .47*** |
| Chair stands | number of reps | 11.7±2.28 | 14.3±3.17 | 11.2±2.85 | 13.04±3.37 | .47*** |
| Mobility | ||||||
| 4-m gait speed | m/s | 1.08 ± .22 | 1.17 ± .19 | 1.03 ± .22 | 1.19 ± .19 | .22*** |
| 8-feet up-and-go | s | 5.69 ± .91 | 5.23 ± .80 | 5.93±1.40 | 5.52±1.03 | .16*** |
| Stairs up | s | 8.3±1.71 | 7.72±1.45 | 8.26±2.22 | 7.77±1.62 | .13*** |
| Stairs down | s | 7.39±1.51 | 6.98±1.63 | 7.93±2.41 | 7.38±1.87 | .09** |
| Flexibility | ||||||
| Back scratch—left | inches | −5.66±4.66 | −4.24±4.34 | −5.97±5.01 | −5.13±4.76 | .11*** |
| Back scratch—right | inches | −2.99±4.53 | −2.04±4.14 | −3.89±5.28 | −3.44±4.96 | .12*** |
| Sit-and-reach—left | inches | −2.23±4.41 | 0.12±3.71 | −1.44±3.82 | 0.4±3.28 | .36*** |
| Sit-and-reach—right | inches | −2.12±4.43 | 0.2±3.82 | −1.46±4.04 | 0.36±3.51 | .38*** |
Note: * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001.