Fig. 1.

Schematic representation of the dual functions of GADD45β in oncogenesis. GADD45β mediates its distinct oncogenic functions through separate tissue-specific mechanisms, which promote cancer cell survival by inhibiting sustained MKK7/JNK activation (left) and suppress TME-based inflammation, pro-inflammatory TAM activation and CD8⁺ T-cell recruitment into tumours by attenuating p38 signalling in myeloid cells (right). Also shown is how GADD45β-targeting therapeutic agents could provide an effective means of countering oncogenesis by promoting TME-based inflammation and adaptive anti-tumour immune responses (right) and, at the same time, inducing malignant cell apoptosis (left), thus affording a dual clinical benefit.