Table 1.
Heterologous expression in E. coli of resistance genes identified in this study
| Resistance determinant | Name | Antibiotic class | Antibiotic | MIC | Empty vector MIC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kanamycin 4′ nucleotidyltransferase | ant(4′)−Ic | Aminoglycoside | Kanamycin | > 256 | 8 |
| Neomycin | > 256 | 16 | |||
| Tobramycin | > 256 | 4 | |||
| Kanamycin 6′ acetyltransferase | aac(6 ’ )−35 | Aminoglycoside | Kanamycin | > 256 | 8 |
| Streptomycin 6 nucleotidyltransferase | ant(6)−Ic | Aminoglycoside | Streptomycin | > 256 | 8 |
| Rifamycin kinase | rphC | Rifamycin | Rifampin | 512 | 4 |
| Rifamycin kinase | rphD | Rifamycin | Rifampin | 256 | 4 |
| TEM β-lactamase | bbI | β-lactam | Ampicillin | > 256 | 16 |
| Piperacillin | > 256 | < 0.5 | |||
| β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor | Piperacillin/Tazobactam | 8 | 0.5 | ||
| Cephalosporin | Cephalexin | 4–8 | 4 | ||
| Macrolide kinase | mphJ | Macrolide | Erythromycin | 0.5 | 64 |
| Clarithromycin | 0.5 | 32 | |||
| Azithromycin | 0.063 | 8 | |||
| Telithromycin | 0.125 | > 16 | |||
| Spiramycin | 2 | 4 | |||
| Tylosin | 2 | 512 | |||
| Josamycin | 2–4 | 2 | |||
| Pikromycin | 2 | 4 | |||
| Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase | catV | Phenicol | Chloramphenicol | 16 | 4 |
| Cfr-like ribosomal methyltransferase | clbB | Lincosamide | Clindamycin | 12.8 | 1.6 |
| Lincomycin | 256 | 128 | |||
| Phenicol | Chloramphenicol | 6.4 | 1.6 |