Table 2. Demographic characteristics, co-infections, comorbid disease diagnoses and mental health characteristics of the Canadian sample, by care setting (n = 1,200,073).
| Characteristics | Long-term care (%) | Complex continuing care (%) | Home care (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non HIV (n = 356,443) |
HIV 178 |
p value | Non HIV 224,728 |
HIV 423 |
p value | Non HIV 617,294 |
HIV 1,007 |
p value | |
| Age (years) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| 0–39 | 0.3 | 5.6 | 1.3 | 20.8 | 2.2 | 11.1 | |||
| 40–49 | 0.6 | 18.5 | 2.3 | 31.9 | 3.0 | 29.6 | |||
| 50–64 | 4.2 | 43.3 = | 10.5 | 28.1 | 11.6 | 37.5 | |||
| 65–74 | 8.5 | 18.5 | 18.0 | 9.5 | 14.8 | 11.3 | |||
| 75–84 | 28.0 | 10.7 | 36.7 | 5.7 | 33.0 | 6.3 | |||
| 85+ | 58.4 | NR | 31.4 | 4.0 | 35.4 | 4.2 | |||
| Female | 65.8 | 22.5 | <0.0001 | 57.6 | 26.5 | <0.0001 | 62.8 | 30.3 | <0.0001 |
| Married | 23.0 | 10. 7 | <0.0001 | 39.2 | 18.0 | <0.0001 | 38.1 | 12.4 | <0.0001 |
| Male | 39.3 | 9.4 | <0.0001 | 55.5 | 17.0 | <0.0001 | 56.5 | 11.6 | <0.0001 |
| Female | 14. 5 | 15.0 | 0.92 | 27.2 | 20.5 | 0.11 | 27.6 | 14.5 | <0.0001 |
| Infections | |||||||||
| vPneumonia | 2.6 | 3.9 | 0.28 | 7.3 | 13.2 | <0.0001 | 2.9 | 9.8 | <0.0001 |
| Tuberculosis | 0.1 | NR | NR | 0.1 | 2.6 | <0.0001 | 0.1 | 4.1 | <0.0001 |
| UTI | 7.0 | 6.7 | 0.88 | 16.5 | 9.5 | <0.0001 | 4.8 | 6.1 | 0.05 |
| Antibiotic-resistant | 4.0 | 12.4 | <0.0001 | 6.7 | 9.9 | 0.007 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Cellulitis | 1.0 | NR | NR | 1.5 | 3.6 | 0.0005 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Clostridium difficile | 0.6 | NR | NR | 2.0 | 5.0 | <0.0001 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Conjunctivitis | 0.5 | 0 | 0.34 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 0.0003 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Respiratory infection | 2.7 | NR | NR | 3.6 | 4.5 | 0.3 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Septicemia | 0.6 | NR | NR | 1.4 | 4.5 | <0.0001 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| STIs | 0.1 | 6.7 | <0.0001 | 0.1 | 12.1 | <0.0001 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Viral hepatitis | 1.2 | 23.6 | <0.0001 | 0.5 | 18.7 | <0.0001 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Diagnosis | |||||||||
| Heart failure | 15.4 | 6.4 | 0.001 | 14.1 | 4.7 | <0.0001 | 13.0 | 6.1 | <0.0001 |
| Emphysema/COPD | 17.1 | 18.6 | 0.61 | 18.3 | 14.7 | 0.05 | 17.7 | 19.8 | 0.09 |
| Diabetes | 24.7 | 24.2 | 0.87 | 25.5 | 12.4 | <0.0001 | 25.2 | 15.6 | <0.0001 |
| Cancer | 10.9 | 8.1 | 0.25 | 27.5 | 17.5 | <0.0001 | 17.7 | 12.5 | <0.0001 |
| Any psychiatric | 53.4 | 52.8 | 0.87 | 40.6 | 48.0 | 0.002 | 30.0 | 46.2 | <0.0001 |
| Other CVD | 66.1 | 32. 6 | <0.0001 | 60.4 | 27.2 | <0.0001 | 67.4 | 32.2 | <0.0001 |
| Mental health | |||||||||
| Anxiety symptoms | 32.8 | 30.3 | 0.49 | 24.7 | 29.1 | 0.04 | 17.7 | 21.1 | 0.006 |
| Anxiety disorders | 8.0 | 7.0 | 0.63 | 7.0 | 8.8 | 0.15 | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Depression1 | 31.1 | 23.9 | 0.04 | 22.7 | 25.9 | 0.0008 | 18.1 | 25.7 | 0.004 |
| Any aggressive behaviour | 43.9 | 48.3 | 0.23 | 27.1 | 33.6 | 0.003 | 9.9 | 7.9 | 0.03 |
| Hallucinations/ Delusions | 5.9 | NR | 0.44 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 0.75 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 0.12 |
| Social isolation | 4.9 | 9.1 | 0.09 | 6.3 | 13.4 | <0.0001 | 15.4 | 19.3 | 0.0006 |
| Psychotropic drug use | |||||||||
| Antipsychotics | 30.9 | 42.7 | 0.0006 | 19.7 | 27.0 | 0.0002 | 10.7 | 20.0 | <0.0001 |
| Antidepressants | 46.8 | 58.4 | 0.002 | 29.1 | 33.6 | 0.04 | 24.9 | 36.3 | <0.0001 |
| Anxiolytics | 14.7 | 22.5 | 0.003 | 29.8 | 39.5 | <0.0001 | 16.4 | 22.2 | <0.0001 |
| Sedatives | 11.5 | 23.0 | <0.0001 | 15.5 | 15.6 | 0.94 | 20.9 | 25.2 | 0.0008 |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; STI, sexually transmitted infection; UTI, urinary tract infection; NR, not reported (due to small cell size, <9 cases) 1Symptoms of probable depression defined as a score of ≥3 on the Depression Rating Scale