Table 2. Top 10 syndromic and etiologic diagnoses by reason for travel among 2004 ill returned travellers with definitive travel-related diagnoses, 2011–2012.
| Travellers with travel-related diagnosis unrelated to immigration; no. (%) of travellers | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Immigrants with travel-related diagnosis n = 493 |
All non-immigration travellers n = 1511 |
Tourism n = 883 |
Visiting friends and relatives n = 206 |
Missionary, volunteer, researcher, aid worker n = 212 |
Business n = 160 |
Other* n = 50 |
| Total no. of travel-related diagnoses | 583 | 1819 | 1062 | 250 | 257 | 195 | 55 |
| 1 | Latent TB 173 (35.1) | PI-IBS 132 (8.7) | Acute diarrhea† 110 (12.5) | Malaria 21 (10.2) (P. falciparum 12 (5.8)) | Chronic diarrhea 24 (11.3) | Acute diarrhea† 19 (11.9) | SSTI‡ 7 (14.0) |
| 2 | Chronic HBV 90 (18.3) | Acute diarrhea† 132 (8.7) | PI-IBS 87 (9.9) | Enteric fever¶ 15 (7.3) | PI-IBS 18 (8.5) | PI-IBS 16 (10.0) | Chronic diarrhea 6 (12.0) |
| 3 | Active TB 50 (10.1) (pulmonary TB 29 (5.9)) | Chronic diarrhea 119 (7.9) | Chronic diarrhea 70 (7.9) | Acute diarrhea† 13 (6.3) | Acute diarrhea† 17 (8.0) | Chronic diarrhea 10 (6.3) | PI-IBS 5 (10.0) |
| 4 | Chronic HCV 33 (6.7) | SSTI‡ 83 (5.5) |
Arthropod bite 65 (7.4) | Chronic diarrhea 9 (4.4) | SSTI‡ 13 (6.1) |
Viral syndrome 10 (6.3) | Acute diarrhea† 5 (10.0) |
| 5 | Strongyloidiasis 25 (5.1) | Arthropod bite 79 (5.2) | Rash 52 (5.9) | Febrile illness < 3 wk duration 7 (3.4) | Malaria 12 (5.7) (P. falciparum 9 (4.2)) | Malaria 9 (5.6) (P. falciparum 5 (3.1)) | Giardiasis 4 (8.0) |
| 6 | Filariasis 22 (4.5) | Rash 74 (4.9) | SSTI‡ 50 (5.7) | Rash 7 (3.4) | Abdominal pain / dyspepsia 12 (5.7) | Rash 7 (4.4) | Latent TB 3 (6.0) |
| 7 | Hydatid 17 (3.4) | Abdominal pain / dyspepsia 62 (4.1) | Cutaneous larva migrans 40 (4.5) | PI-IBS 6 (2.9) | Latent TB 11 (5.2) | Blastocystis 7 (4.4) | Abdominal pain / dyspepsia 3 (6.0) |
| 8 | Schistosomiasis 17 (3.4) | Giardiasis 47 (3.1) | Abdominal pain / dyspepsia 39 (4.4) | SSTI‡ 5 (2.4) | Febrile illness < 3 wk duration 8 (3.8) | Giardiasis 6 (3.8) | Blastocystis 2 (4.0) |
| 9 | HIV 12 (2.4) | Malaria 45 (3.0) (P. falciparum 29 (1.9)) | Giardiasis 28 (3.2) | Viral syndrome 5 (2.4) | Blastocystis 8 (3.8) | Febrile illness < 3 wk duration 5 (3.1) | Schistosomiasis 2 (4.0) |
| 10 | Leprosy 10 (2.0) | Blastocystis 45 (3.0) | Animal bite§ 23 (2.6) | Blastocystis 5 (2.4) | Giardiasis 6 (2.8) | Dientamoebiasis 4 (2.5) | Rash 2 (4.0) |
HBV = hepatitis B virus, HCV = hepatitis C virus, P. falciparum = Plasmodium falciparum, PI-IBS = post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome, SSTI = skin and soft tissue infection, TB = tuberculosis, URTI = upper respiratory tract infection. *Includes students (n = 42), military personnel (n = 6) and medical tourists (n = 2). †Includes acute bacterial, parasitic and viral diarrhea, as well as acute diarrhea of unspecified etiology. ‡Includes erysipelas, cellulitis, furunculosis, carbuncles, skin abscess, pyoderma, ecthyma, impetigo and superficial fungal skin infections. §Includes bites by cats, dogs, monkeys and other animals and monkey scratches. ¶Includes infection with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi or Paratyphi or Typhoid fever unspecified.