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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Atherosclerosis. 2018 Feb 10;271:53–60. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.02.009

Table 2.

Annual square root transformed change in CAC associated with novel risk factors among 1,123 CRIC study participants

Variablesa Multivariable model 1b Multivariable model 2c
Square root transformed change in Agatston units/year (95% CI) p value Square root transformed change in Agatston units/year (95% CI) p value
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (17.4 ml/min/1.73 m2) −0.26 (−0.36, −0.16) <0.001 −0.20 (−0.31, −0.10) <0.001
Log (24-hour urine albumin, 0.53 g/24 hours) 0.23 (0.12, 0.33) <0.001 0.14 (0.02, 0.25) 0.02
Cystatin C (0.66 mg/L) 0.29 (0.19, 0.39) <0.001 0.25 (0.15, 0.34) <0.001
Calcium (0.52 mg/dL) −0.20 (−0.30, −0.10) <0.001 −0.17 (−0.27, −0.07) <0.001
Phosphate (0.68 mg/dL) 0.21 (0.11, 0.31) <0.001 0.14 (0.03, 0.24) 0.009
Log (fibroblast growth factor-23, 0.82 RU/mL) 0.28 (0.19, 0.38) <0.001 0.24 (0.14, 0.33) <0.001
Log (total parathyroid hormone, 0.67 pg/mL) 0.18 (0.08, 0.27) <0.001 0.13 (0.04, 0.23) 0.007
Alkaline phosphatase (31.2 U/L) −0.02 (−0.12, 0.07) 0.63 −0.07 (−0.17, 0.02) 0.14
Hemoglobin A1c (1.37%) 0.20 (0.11, 0.30) <0.001 0.10 (−0.03, 0.22) 0.12
Log (HOMA-insulin resistance, 0.62) 0.13 (0.03, 0.23) 0.01 0.03 (−0.08, 0.14) 0.59
Uric acid (1.84 mg/dL) 0.07 (−0.03, 0.17) 0.19 0.03 (−0.07, 0.14) 0.51
Homocysteine (4.93 μmol/L) 0.08 (−0.02, 0.19) 0.13 0.02 (−0.08, 0.13) 0.66
Fibrinogen (1.10 mg/dL) 0.15 (0.05, 0.25) 0.002 0.08 (−0.02, 0.18) 0.10
Log (high sensitive C-reactive protein, 0.80 mg/L) 0.02 (−0.08, 0.12) 0.66 0.04 (−0.06, 0.13) 0.45
Log (interleukin-6, 0.57 pg/mL) 0.18 (0.08, 0.28) <0.001 0.17 (0.07, 0.27) <0.001
Log (tumor necrosis factor-α, 0.52 mg/dL) 0.15 (0.05, 0.25) 0.004 0.12 (0.02, 0.22) 0.02
a

One standard deviation increase.

b

Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, clinical site, and baseline CAC score.

c

Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, clinical site, baseline CAC score, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, systolic BP, use of antihypertensive medications, diabetes, current smoking, history of CVD, use of statin medications, and physical activity.