The estimated cost of robotic surgery was higher than for VATS and open surgery, with a profit margin of about 18% relative to the Region of Lombardy health service reimbursement of 11,500 euro ($12,235). Estimated costs were 82% of Region of Lombardy lobectomy reimbursement for robotic surgery, 69% for open surgery, and 68% for VATS. VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery.