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. 2018 Mar 22;8:5027. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23275-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The trial timeline of the Non-Interactive (Non-Int) and the Joint Action (JA) conditions was identical in all experiments. All experiments included the factor Trial-type because the color cue directed participants on what to do in two consecutive trials. Task performance in Trial-type2 was always more efficient than in Trial-type1, independent of other experimental manipulations. The color cues in the JA and the Non-Int conditions convey the same amount of information regarding the action that the participant has to perform in two consecutive trials (e.g., play a G and then a C). While the color cue in the JA condition also informs the participants about what their partner will do, in the Non-Int condition the partner’s action is irrelevant and so not specified. The trial sequence on the left (Trial-type 1) is a congruent trial and the one on the right (Trial-type 2) is an incongruent trial. SOA denotes stimulus onset asynchrony (range 100 to 700 ms).