Table 2.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the study participants
| Characteristics | Control (n=62) | CSFP (n=48) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 50±6.9 | 50.2±8,5 | 0.89 |
| Male, % | 38 (61.2) | 35 (72.9) | 0.24 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.9±2 | 23.1±2.2 | 0.65 |
| Active smoker, % | 15 (24.2) | 12(25) | 0.92 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 120.1±6.8 | 120.3±11 | 0.92 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 68.6±14 | 69.0±15.1 | 0.89 |
| Usage of medications, % | |||
| Antiaggregants | 27 | 25 | 0.37 |
| Statins | 15 | 13 | 0.68 |
| ACE-I/ARBs | 19 | 13 | 0.73 |
| Beta-blockers | 22 | 16 | 0.87 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 2 | 2 | 0.77 |
| Laboratory assessments | Control | CSFP | P |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14.5±1.3 | 14.1±2 | 0.22 |
| White blood cells, 103 /µL | 6.8±1.3 | 7±1.3 | 0.36 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 92.8±15 | 100.3±23.4 | 0.56 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 178.7 | 181.5 | 0.65 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 150.4 | 207.7 | 0.08 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 40.5 | 41.5 | 0.58 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 91.8 | 107.2 | 0.05 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.89±0.19 | 0.87±0.15 | 0.55 |
| CRP, mg/L | 0.95 | 1.07 | 0.50 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | Control | CSFP | P |
| LVEDD, cm | 4.6 (4.1-5.2) | 4.4 (4.1-5.5) | 0.56 |
| LVESD, cm | 2.6 (2-3.3) | 2.5 (2.3-3.5) | 0.78 |
| LVEF, % | 63.6 (±3.2) | 60.1 (±3.1) | 0.43 |
| LA, cm | 3.5 (3.2-4) | 3.7 (3-4.1) | 0.51 |
| E wave, cm/s | 60.5 (±5.4) | 59.6 (±5.6) | 0.26 |
| IVRT, ms | 98.4 (±9.7) | 102 (±9.4) | 0.05 |
| E/A ratio | 1.2 (±0.22) | 1.07 (±0.19) | 0.005 |
| Coronary angiography | |||
| LAD TIMI frame count | 31.4 | 42.8 | 0.000 |
| RCA TIMI frame count | 19.2 | 38.2 | 0.000 |
| CX TIMI frame count | 19.5 | 25.7 | 0.000 |
| Mean TIMI frame count | 19.0 | 29.7 | 0.000 |
(*=mean±SD; minimum-maximum)
Differences between groups were assessed with Student’s t test. The parameters demonstrating statistically significant difference are indicated with italic.
ACE-I-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB-angiotensin receptor blocker; CRP-C Reactive protein; HDL-C-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IVRT-isovolumic relaxation time; LA-left atrial diameter; LAD-left anterior descending artery; LCX-left circumflex coronary artery; LDL-C-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEDD-left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEF-left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD-left ventricular end-systolic dimension; RCA-right coronary artery; TIMI-thrombolysis in myocardial infarction