Table 2.
Left Ventricular Resting Echocardiography
| Preterm-Born Adults (n = 47) | Term-Born Adults (n = 54) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Structure | |||
| Mass index, g/m2 | 69.1 ± 13.5 | 63.7 ± 14.7 | 0.015 |
| Mass/EDV, g/ml | 1.54 ± 0.33 | 1.22 ± 0.27 | <0.001 |
| End-diastolic diameter, cm | 4.50 ± 0.41 | 4.82 ± 0.51 | 0.007 |
| End-diastolic length, cm | 7.75 ± 0.81 | 8.15 ± 0.97 | 0.169 |
| EDV, ml | 80.4 ± 21.5 | 97.5 ± 28.7 | 0.010 |
| EDV/BSA, ml/m2 | 46.4 ± 9.7 | 52.5 ± 12.7 | 0.018 |
| ESV/BSA, ml/m2 | 16.9 ± 4.7 | 20.3 ± 6.4 | 0.037 |
| Function | |||
| Heart rate, beats/min | 68.8 ± 24.4 | 58.8 ± 16.3 | 0.023 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 63.1 ± 5.4 | 63.4 ± 4.7 | 0.624 |
| Stroke index, ml/m2 | 29.6 ± 6.4 | 32.2 ± 7.8 | 0.173 |
| Fractional area change, % | 48.9 ± 5.6 | 49.4 ± 5.7 | 0.396 |
| Cardiac output, l/min | 3.78 ± 0.89 | 3.62 ± 0.56 | 0.224 |
| IVRT, s | 0.085 ± 0.019 | 0.088 ± 0.022 | 0.517 |
| E/A ratio | 1.52 ± 0.38 | 1.75 ± 0.42 | 0.013 |
| E, cm/s | 82.1 ± 13.1 | 86.1 ± 15.5 | 0.125 |
| A, cm/s | 56.3 ± 12.5 | 51.0 ± 12.5 | 0.096 |
| E-wave deceleration time, ms | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.723 |
| Diastolic filling time, s | 0.46 ± 0.13 | 0.61 ± 0.15 | <0.001 |
| E-VTI, cm | 12.8 ± 2.5 | 13.6 ± 2.1 | 0.163 |
| A-VTI, cm | 4.93 ± 1.18 | 4.38 ± 1.12 | 0.035 |
| E-VTI/A-VTI | 2.77 ± 0.95 | 3.22 ± 0.74 | 0.021 |
| 2-Dimensional peak strain | |||
| Longitudinal | |||
| Systolic strain, % | −19.7 ± 2.7 | −20.6 ± 3.0 | 0.038 |
| Systolic strain rate, %/s | −1.17 ± 0.19 | −1.11 ± 0.37 | 0.590 |
| Diastolic strain rate, %/s | 1.62 ± 0.48 | 1.77 ± 0.58 | 0.082 |
| Radial | |||
| Systolic strain, % | 49.2 ± 17.5 | 45.1 ± 12.7 | 0.285 |
| Systolic strain rate, %/s | 2.50 ± 1.03 | 2.36 ± 0.73 | 0.585 |
| Diastolic strain rate, %/s | −3.11 ± 1.41 | −2.88 ± 1.15 | 0.555 |
| Circumferential | |||
| Systolic strain, % | −26.6 ± 4.0 | −27.0 ± 3.8 | 0.321 |
| Systolic strain rate, %/s | −1.67 ± 0.30 | −1.57 ± 0.28 | 0.156 |
| Diastolic strain rate, %/s | 2.26 ± 0.70 | 2.14 ± 0.58 | 0.706 |
Values are mean ± SD. p values were adjusted for sex. Bold p values are statistically significant (p < 0.05).
A = peak atrial systolic velocity of transmitral flow; BSA = body surface area; E = peak early diastolic velocity of transmitral flow; EDV = end-diastolic volume; IVRT = isovolumetric relaxation time; VTI = velocity−time integral.