. 2016 Nov 10;17(3):191–199. doi: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2016.7190

Table 3.

Characteristics of nondiabetic, prediabetic, and diabetic participants with different glucose and glycated hemoglobin categories, stratified to 2 geographic regions (n=1167)

		Marm-CA	5-R		Marm-CA	Prediabetes 5-R		Marm-CA	Prediabetes 5-R			Marm-CA	5-R		Marm-CA	Diabetes 5-R		Marm-CA	Diabetes 5-R
		Ngly A1c <5.7	Ngly A1c <5.7		Ngly +A1c5.7-6.49	Ngly +A1c5.7-6.49		IFG+ A1c5.7-6.49	IFG+ A1c5.7-6.49			No DM; A1c ≥6.5	No DM; A1c ≥6.5		DM + A1c <6.5	DM + A1c <6.5		DM + A1c>6.49	DM + A1c>6.49
	Total n	Mean±SD	Mean±SD	P	Mean±SD	Mean±SD	P	Mean±SD	Mean±SD	P	Total n	Mean±SD	Mean±SD	P	Mean±SD	Mean±SD	P	Mean±SD	Mean±SD	P
		n=185	n=139		n=247	n=190		n=58	n=22			n=37	n=26		n=29	n=52		n=108	n=74
Sex, n, M/F	414/427	93/92	77/62	0.36	121/126	88/102	0.58	26/32	9/13	0.75	163/163	22/15	11/15	0.89	9/20	23/29	0.24	58/50	40/34	0.96
HbA1c, %	324+437+80	5.38±.23	5.38±.23	0.98	5.93±.19	5.96±.22	0.18	5.94±.36	5.72±.56	0.09	63+81+182	6.77±.36	6.92±.56	0.18	6.02±.29	5.88±.38	0.069	8.18± 1.4	8.38±1.74	0.16
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	324+437+80	85.7±9.6	87±10	0.28	88.5±12	88.8±9	0.76	113±16	109±6	0.096	63+81+182	108.5±29	95.3±15	0.038	101.4±25	113.4±25	0.042	174±69	171±64	0.37
Age, years	324+436+80	58.2±9.5	59.4±9.8	0.27	60.7±9.7	60.3±9.3	0.65	63.8±12.7	64.7±10	0.75	63+81+182	61±8	60.9±9.2	0.95	65.4±9.5	62±10	0.15	64.6±9.6	62.6±8.6	0.75
Lipoprotein(a),^¶ mg/dL	291+399+76	12.0; 6.0-29	15; 4.5-28	0.654	11.0; 5.0-30	15.0; 6.5-38	0.026	9.0; 3.8-24.5	10.5; 6.0-29.5	0.429	55+76+164	7.33; 3.42-20.9 *2.95	16.3; 5.86-32.7	0.188	9.75; 2.23-23.2	10.8; 5.2-29.2	0.262	10.4; 5-22.5	13.2; 4.7-41.8	0.131
Creatinine, mg/dL	324+437+80	0.86±0.32	0.84±0.21	0.52	0.87±0.26	0.79±0.17	0.026	0.89±0.27	0.88±0.33	0.91	63+81+182	0.88±0.20	0.86±0.21	0.73	0.88±0.26	0.90±0.68	0.81	0.877±0.26	1.034±1.26	0.30
Waist circumference, cm	324+437+80	95±13	96±11	0.31	98.0±12	100.2±12.5	0.059	101±13	102±12	0.69	63+81+182	101±11	104±12	0.26	99.0±11	105±12	0.022	106.5±12.5	108.5±11	0.64
Systolic BP, mm Hg	324+437+80	129±17	129±21	0.97	135±20	131±21	0.049	140±19	133.5±21	0.18	63+81+182	134±20	137±25	0.55	137±17	136.5±20	0.97	146±20	143±235	0.46
Diastolic BP, mm Hg	324+437+80	78±11	78±13	0.93	79.5±11	82±14	0.059	81±11	81±14	0.92	63+81+182	78.4±10	85±15	0.057	79.±10.6	82±15	0.32	81.7±10	83±14.5	0.44
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	324+437+80	203±35	195.6±40	0.089	216±42	202±42	<0.001	214±36	188±42	0.007	63+81+182	213±37	190±51	0.055	197±35	195±46	0.84	205±47	199±47	0.37
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	324+423+80	126.2±29	116.7±36	0.015	139±37	124±34	<0.001	136±31	121±33	0.074	63+79+175	134±34	115±33.5	0.032	121±38	120±32	0.92	124±40	115±40	0.14
HDL cholesterol mg/dL	324+437+80	49±13	51.4±16	0.12	48.7±13.6	49.2±13.5	0.74	47.3±11	48.5±12	0.79	63+81+182	45±11	44±12	0.72	48±10	44.4±11.8	0.20	44.4±12.3	43.6±11.5	0.64
F. triglycerides,^¶ mg/dL	324+437+80	121; 89-174	119; 87-190	0.882	130; 98-105	132.5; 98-184	0.783	138; 101-189	145; 100-179	0.775	62+81+182	162; 107-202	178; 105-221	0.722	137; 96-168	149; 104-233	0.261	158.5; 126-227	186; 127-248	0.368
Fasting insulin, mIU/L	301+419+79	8.85; 5.59-13.2	8.06; 4.83-11.3	0.068	9.7; 6.57-14.5	7.94; 5.42-11.3	<0.001	11.5; 7.46-20.5	10.4; 7.6-21.6	0.785	60+81+170	11.93*1.75	9.32*2.00	0.14	12.74*2.19	10.12*1.80	0.12	12.4*2.24	13.4*2.00	0.28
HOMA index,^¶	301+419+79	1.97; 1.16-2.84	1.73; 1.06-2.55	0.130	2.13; 1.38-3.14	1.72; 1.17-2.49	<0.001	3.21; 2.1-5.45	2.72; 2.05-5.71	0.883	60+81+167	2.89; 2.17-4.39 *1.91	2.78; 1.11-3.64	0.095	2.53; 1.43-5.13 *2.54	2.76; 1.87-4.24	0.76	4.81; 2.74-8.0	2.30; 1.23-5.35	0.198
Apolipoprotein A-I, g/L	324+416+79	1.49±.25	1.46±.27	0.38	1.49±.24	1.437±.27	0.034	1.51±.22	1.41±.24	0.088	59+78+167	1.485±.21	1.39±.23	0.12	1.55±.19	1.41±.21	0.005	1.49±.28	1.385±.27	0.018
Apolipoprotein B, g/L	324+416+79	1.066±.25	0.974±.28	0.003	1.153±.28	1.075±.24	0.03	1.17±.296	1.00±.274	0.021	59+78+168	1.163±.30	1.035±.22	0.076	1.06±.21	1.06±.32	0.98	1.065±.27	1.065±.32	0.042
C-reactive protein,^¶ mg/L	324+436+80	2.0; 1.0-3.5	2.0; 1.0-4.0	0.621	2.0; 1.0-4.0	2.0; 1.0-5.0	0.316	2.0; 1.0-4.2	3.0; 1.0-8.0	0.124	62+81+182	3.84; 1.29-8.60	2.24; 1.01-4.25	0.111	2.48; 1.21-4.1	2.52; 1.11-4.34 *3.14	0.875	2.50; 1.16-6.23	2.30; 1.23-5.35	0.738
Current; past smokers, %	324+436+80	23.2; 22.7	24.6; 23.9	0.90	23.5; 23.5	25.3; 19.5	0.65	12.2; 32.8	13.6; 27.7	0.68	63+81+181	40.5; 29.7	26.9; 23.1	0.26	6.9; 24.1	26.9; 25	0.073	3.9; 33.3	12.3; 34.2	0.95
CHD prevalence, n,%	288+379+74	26; 14.9	29; 25.7	0.023	57; 25.4	48; 31	0.24	15; 26.8	4; 22.2	0.70	52+75+1650	7; 20.6	7; 38.9	0.16	9; 33.3	12; 25	0.44	42; 42	30; 46.2	0.95

^¶

Mann-Whitney U test was used for variables with skewed distribution. Total n denotes the total number of participants in the nondiabetic, 2 prediabetic, and diabetic groups, respectively. Numbers in boldface highlight significant difference and italics indicate borderline significant difference between 2 groups

5-R - Geographic regions of Turkey excluding Marmara and Central Anatolian regions; BP - blood pressure; CHD - coronary heart disease; DM - type-2 diabetes mellitus; F - female; HbA1c - glycated hemoglobin; HDL - high-density lipoprotein; HOMA - homeostatic model assessment; IFG - impaired fasting glucose; LDL - low-density lipoprotein; M - male; Marm-CA - Marmara and Central Anatolian regions; Ngly - normoglycemia