Table 2.
Demographic data, cognitive style, learning outcomes, and satisfaction.
| Variables | Overall, N=24 | Interactive multimedia group, N=12 | PowerPoint show group, N=12 | Effect size, median of difference (95% CI) or odds ratio (95% CI)a | P valueb | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age in years, median (95% CI) | 23 (22-23) | 23 (22-23) | 23 (22-24) | 0 (−1 to 0) | .32 | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 15 (63) | 7 (58) | 8 (67) | −0.09 (−0.49 to 0.32) | >.99 | |
| Cognitive style | ||||||
| Group Embedded Figures Test score, median (95% CI) | 18 (17-18) | 18 (15-18) | 17 (17-18) | 0 (−1 to 1) | .80 | |
| Field-dependence, n (%) | 3 (13) | 2 (17) | 1 (8) | −0.13 (−0.54 to 10.28) | >.99 | |
| Learning outcomes | ||||||
| Multiple-choice question_before, median (95% CI) | 40 (40-50)c | 40 (40-50)c | 40 (30-60)c | 5 (−10 to 10) | .52 | |
| Multiple-choice question_after, median (95% CI) | 70 (60-80)c | 70 (50-80)c | 70 (60-80)c | 0 (−10 to 10) | .71 | |
| Percentage change in multiple-choice question, median (95% CI) | 71 (14-100)d | 63 (0-100) | 84 (0-125) | −24 (−75 to 36) | .55 | |
| Multimedia situational test_before, median (95% CI) | 80 (60-80)c | 80 (60-100) | 70 (40-80)c | 20 (0-20) | .13 | |
| Multimedia situational test_after, median (95% CI) | 80 (80-100)c | 80 (60-80) | 90 (80-100)c | −20 (−20 to 0) | .02 | |
| Percentage change in multimedia situational test, median (95% CI) | 25 (0-33)d | 0 (−20 to 33) | 29 (25-75) | −41 (−67 to −20) | .008 | |
| Learning satisfaction | ||||||
| Global satisfaction score, median (95% CI) | 8 (6-9)d | 8 (7-9)d | 6 (3-8) | 2 (0-4) | .01 | |
| Learning experience (AttrakDiff2 questionnaire) | ||||||
| Pragmatic quality, median (95% CI) | 1.7 (0-2.0)d | 1.8 (1.4-2.4)d | 0 (−1.0 to 2.0) | 1.7 (0.1-2.7) | .03 | |
| Hedonic stimulation, median (95% CI) | 1.1 (0.3-1.9)d | 1.7 (0.9-2.3)d | −0.2 (−1.7 to 1.6) | 1.9 (0.3-3.1) | .01 | |
| Hedonic identification, median (95% CI) | 1.7 (1.1-2.0)d | 2.0 (1.4-2.0)d | 1.1 (−0.6 to 2.3) | 0.8 (−0.3 to 2.3) | .18 | |
| Attractiveness, median (95% CI) | 1.4 (0.9-2.1)d | 1.7 (0.9-2.1)d | 1.2 (0.4-2.1)d | 0.2 (−0.5 to 1.0) | .59 | |
aEffect sizes were calculated with the use of Hodges-Lehmann method for Mann-Whiney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, or odds ratio calculation for Fisher exact test.
bMann-Whiney U test (continuous variables) or Fisher exact test (categorical variables).
cP<.05, before versus after, Wilcoxon signed-rank test (two-tailed).
dP<.05, compared with a neutral value (“0” for multiple-choice question and multimedia situational test, or “5” for “global satisfaction score” or “0” for “ArakDiff2”), Wilcoxon signed-rank test (two-tailed).