Table 2. Background characteristics according to the genotypes of ADH1B and ALDH2 in the main studya.
| ADH1B (rs1229984) | ALDH2 (rs671) | |||||||||
| His/His | His/Arg | Arg/Arg | His/Arg or Arg/Arg | Pb | Glu/Glu | Glu/Lys | Lys/Lys | Glu/Lys or Lys/Lys | Pb | |
| n | 517 | 322 | 50 | 372 | 482 | 341 | 66 | 407 | ||
| Age, years | 54.8 (9.1) | 55.5 (8.8) | 55.7 (8.3) | 55.5 (8.7) | 0.220 | 54.5 (8.8) | 55.7 (9.1) | 56.4 (9.7) | 55.8 (9.2) | 0.032 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.5 (3.1) | 23.9 (3.1) | 24.4 (3.1) | 23.9 (3.1) | 0.030 | 23.9 (3.2) | 23.5 (3.1) | 23.1 (2.6) | 23.4 (3.0) | 0.012 |
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| Current smokers, % | 27.5 | 28.6 | 26.0 | 28.2 | 0.955 | 27.4 | 29.6 | 21.2 | 28.3 | 0.068 |
| Former smokers, % | 43.7 | 41.3 | 46.0 | 41.9 | 40.3 | 45.8 | 48.5 | 46.2 | ||
| Nonsmokers, % | 28.8 | 30.1 | 28.0 | 29.8 | 32.4 | 24.6 | 30.3 | 25.6 | ||
| Diabetes, % | 4.8 | 4.4 | 0.0 | 3.8 | 0.441 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 0.348 |
| Education (over high school), % | 43.5 | 48.5 | 36.0 | 46.8 | 0.336 | 42.7 | 45.5 | 57.6 | 47.4 | 0.162 |
| Physical activity, MET·hr/day | 14.7 (14.2) | 13.1 (12.4) | 15.7 (15.0) | 13.4 (12.8) | 0.157 | 14.5 (14.1) | 13.4 (12.8) | 15.9 (14.2) | 13.8 (13.1) | 0.453 |
| Alcohol consumption, g/day | 24.3 (27.8) | 25.6 (29.4) | 30.4 (27.4) | 26.2 (29.1) | 0.311 | 35.1 (30.0) | 15.7 (22.0) | 0.3 (1.7) | 13.2 (20.9) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hgc | 123.9 (15.3) | 123.0 (17.1) | 122.8 (16.5) | 123.0 (17.0) | 0.455 | 125.3 (16.5) | 121.8 (15.1) | 120.0 (15.9) | 121.5 (15.2) | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hgc | 77.7 (10.6) | 78.0 (11.4) | 77.5 (13.1) | 77.9 (11.7) | 0.807 | 79.2 (11.1) | 76.3 (10.9) | 75.9 (10.2) | 76.3 (10.8) | <0.001 |
| Serum total cholesterol, mg/dL | 204.5 (31.5) | 206.4 (30.1) | 208.5 (32.6) | 206.6 (30.4) | 0.307 | 205.4 (31.7) | 204.2 (30.1) | 211.7 (30.2) | 205.4 (30.2) | 0.996 |
| Serum triglycerides, mg/dLd | 126.4 (76.9) | 132.8 (84.5) | 124.7 (56.8) | 131.7 (81.3) | 0.318 | 135.2 (86.1) | 121.5 (69.0) | 117.0 (65.5) | 120.8 (68.4) | 0.009 |
| Serum HDL cholesterol, mg/dLd | 60.1 (16.2) | 58.4 (15.6) | 57.6 (13.4) | 58.3 (15.3) | 0.104 | 60.5 (16.5) | 58.4 (15.1) | 55.3 (14.0) | 57.9 (15.0) | 0.016 |
| Serum LDL cholesterol, mg/dLe | 119.9 (29.4) | 122.4 (29.2) | 125.9 (27.9) | 122.9 (29.0) | 0.136 | 118.8 (30.2) | 121.9 (27.6) | 134.3 (27.3) | 123.9 (27.9) | 0.010 |
| Dietary intakes | ||||||||||
| Energy, kcal/day | 1915 (343) | 1933 (349) | 1941 (447) | 1934 (363) | 0.432 | 1927 (360) | 1917 (349) | 1925 (301) | 1918 (341) | 0.724 |
| Saturated fatty acids, g/dayd | 10.7 (2.4) | 10.8 (2.5) | 10.1 (1.9) | 10.7 (2.4) | 0.924 | 10.7 (2.4) | 10.7 (2.4) | 10.9 (2.3) | 10.7 (2.4) | 0.735 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids, g/day | 12.9 (3.4) | 12.8 (3.3) | 13.2 (3.4) | 12.9 (3.3) | 0.716 | 13.0 (3.2) | 12.8 (3.7) | 12.7 (2.7) | 12.8 (3.5) | 0.517 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dayd | 235.1 (70.5) | 235.6 (69.8) | 231.8 (69.8) | 235.1 (69.7) | 0.883 | 236.0 (70.4) | 233.1 (67.8) | 237.9 (80.5) | 233.9 (69.9) | 0.612 |
| Dietary fiber, g/day | 9.9 (2.8) | 9.9 (2.7) | 9.9 (3.1) | 9.9 (2.8) | 0.922 | 9.8 (2.7) | 10.1 (2.9) | 10.2 (2.7) | 10.1 (2.9) | 0.149 |
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MET, metabolic equivalent.
aValues represent the means (standard deviation).
bDetermined by t-test or chi-square test for comparison between genotypes with or without minor allele(s).
cParticipants receiving antihypertensive drugs were excluded from the analysis for blood pressure (n = 151).
dStatistically tested by loge-transformed values.
eParticipants with serum triglycerides ≥400 mg/dL were excluded from the analysis for LDL cholesterol (n = 17).