TABLE 2.
Malaria prevalence by microscopy, qPCR, and histopathology in all samples in the study
| Diagnostic method and infection typea | No. of positive samples/total no. of samples (%) at: |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Enrollment | Follow-up | Delivery | |
| Peripheral microscopy | |||
| P. falciparum | 0/187 (0) | 1/368 (0.3) | 0/187 (0) |
| P. vivax | 5/187 (2.7) | 1/368 (0.3) | 0/187 (0) |
| Mixed infection | 0/187 (0) | 0/368 (0) | 0/187 (0) |
| Peripheral RT-qPCR | |||
| P. falciparum | 4/187 (2.1) | 12/368 (3.3) | 6/187 (3.2) |
| P. vivax | 11/187 (5.9) | 13/368 (3.5) | 4/187 (2.1) |
| Mixed infection | 1/187 (0.5) | 4/368 (1.1) | 2/187 (1.1) |
| Placental microscopy | |||
| P. falciparum | NAb | NA | 0/182 (0) |
| P. vivax | NA | NA | 0/182 (0) |
| Mixed infection | NA | NA | 0/182 (0) |
| Placental RT-qPCR | |||
| P. falciparum | NA | NA | 4/182 (2.2) |
| P. vivax | NA | NA | 2/182 (1.1) |
| Mixed infection | NA | NA | 3/182 (1.6) |
| Placental histopathology | |||
| Acute infection | NA | NA | 0/187 (0) |
| Chronic infection | NA | NA | 0/187 (0) |
| Past infection | NA | NA | 12/187 (6.4) |
a
Infection types were defined as follows: mixed infection, simultaneous infection with both P. falciparum and P. vivax; acute infection, the presence of parasites; chronic infection, the presence of parasites and hemozoin; past infection, the presence of hemozoin only.
b
NA, not available.