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. 2018 Mar 23;8:5092. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23456-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Magnetization curves of Fe₃O₄ NPs with various sizes and bulk standard (7 μm) in (a) full scale and (b) magnification scale near the transition temperature. The samples are cooled down to 20 K at zero field and the magnetization measured from 20 K to 200 K and from 200 K to 20 K continuously. All measurements are done under an external field of 100 Oe and temperature rate is fixed at 1 K/min around the transition temperature.