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. 2018 Mar 23;8:5145. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23338-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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CD9/CD81 DKO mice exhibit multiple histological aging phenotypes. (a–j) Histological sections from lungs (a), femur (b), thymus (c), spleen (d), pituitary (e), eye (f), skin (g), muscle (h), adipose (i), and testis (j). (a) Emphysematous lungs in DKO mice. (b) Note that the cortex (arrow) and growth plate (arrowhead) were much thinner in DKO. (c,d,e) Atrophy in the thymus, spleen, and pituitary in DKO mice. (f) Keratitis (arrows) and cataracts (CA) were remarkable in DKO mice. (g) Less subcutaneous fat and fewer hair follicles were observed in DKO mice. DE: dermis, ST: subcutaneous tissue, ML: muscle layer. (h) DKO mice exhibited diffusely atrophic myofibers, along with the central nuclei (arrows, inset). (j) Testis in DKO mice were more atrophic, and the numbers of both Sertoli cells and Leydig cells (inset) were severely diminished. All sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), except testis (j), which was stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and femur (b), which was stained with toluidine blue. Data are representative of three independent studies with similar results. Scale bar, 0.5 mm for (g) and 100 μm for (a–f) and (h–j).