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. 2018 Mar 23;8:5095. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23486-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative waveforms of Participant 1. These waveforms were traced from a 30-year-old male participant (Participant 1) and were calculated by the additional averaging of signals that were time-locked to the onset of swallowing. (a) Signals recorded by the laryngograph (EGG) changed upon swallowing. The onset of swallowing was detected at the initial rise of the waveform. (b) The waveforms were recorded by a throat microphone. The sounds of swallowing were caused by a food bolus passing through the pharynx. (c) The mouth-related parameters MW, MO, and LP changed during swallowing. These parameters began to change before swallowing and exhibited positive or negative peaks at the onset of swallowing. (d) The larynx-related parameters VM (vertical motion) and HM (horizontal motion) did not exhibit appreciable changes before swallowing, but these parameters suddenly exhibited a positive peak immediately after swallowing.