Table 5.
Mendelian Randomisation analysis on association of uHP with DKD progression in T2D patients.
| Instrumental variable | Linkage disequilibrium (r2) with HP 1 (Chinese/Malay) | Effect/Other allele | EAF (%) (Chinese/Malay) | beta (SE) of urine Haptoglobin level per allele | P | OR (95% CI) for DKD progression per allele | P | MR estimate of DKD progression per 1 SD increase in uHP | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HP 1 | — | HP1/HP2 | 0.291/0.267 | 0.727 (0.046) | 1.42 × 10−55 | 1.91 (1.45–2.37) | 0.006 | 2.42 (1.80–3.06) | 0.003 |
| rs75444904 | 0.91/0.54 | C/A | 0.285/0.219 | 0.777 (0.047) | 1.21 × 10−60 | 1.77 (1.32–2.27) | 0.014 | 2.09 (1.50–2.67) | 0.007 |
| rs217181 | 0.84/0.45 | T/C | 0.324/0.272 | 0.621 (0.048) | 1.45 × 10−36 | 1.83 (1.37–2.29) | 0.010 | 2.64 (1.90–3.38) | 0.005 |
Data were adjusted for age, gender, HbA1c, diabetes duration, Systolic BP, lipids (natural log-transformed HDL-C, LDL-C and TG), eGFR, uACR (natural log-transformed) and usage of medications.