Table 2.
Chemical drugs for topical delivery to treat psoriasis
| Drug | Formulas approved by FDA | Dosage | Indications | Adverse reactions and precautions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beclometasone Dipropionatea | Cream (41)e, ointment (1), spray (8), plasters (2) | 2–4 times/day, less than 45 mg/week | Contact eczema, atopic dermatitis, neurodermatitis, pruritus, psoriasis, sclerosing atrophic moss, lichen planus, discoid lupus erythematosus, seborrheic dermatitis, hypertrophic scars | Short-term application: burning, tingling, itching Long-term application: skin telangiectasia, skin atrophy, atrophy pattern, secondary purpura, ecchymosis, skin fragility, hirsutism, folliculitis, milia, skin bleaching, systemic adverse reactions (absorbed too much) |
| Fluocinonidea | Cream (72), ointment (1), tincture (27), liniments (1) | 2–3 times/day, less than 12.5 mg/week | ||
| Halcinonidea | Cream (27), ointment (10), solution (37) | Twice/day | ||
| Hydrocortisone Butyratea | Cream (11) | Twice/day | ||
| Triamcinolone Acetonidea | Spray (5), cream (86), paste (2), ointment (22) | 2–3 times/day | ||
| Methoxsalenb | Solution (12) | Once/day, apply UVA 2–4 h later | Psoriasis vulgaris and acne vulgaris | Erythema, skin pigmentation, itching, redness, blisters, pain, scaling |
| Tazaroteneb | Cream (2), gel (3) | Apply half an hour before sleep, then wash off. | Itching, erythema, burning sensation, skin irritation, dryness and edema | |
| Tretinoinb | Cream (35) | 1–3 times/day | Burning, erythema and desquamation, but gradually disappear | |
| Tacrolimusb | Ointment (4) | Twice/day | Patients unfit traditional therapies due to potential risk | Rosacea, edema at the site of administration |
| Calcipotriolc | Ointment (2) | 1–2 times/day, less than 100 g/week | Psoriasis vulgaris | Pruritus, burning sensation, tingling, dry skin, erythema, contact dermatitis, eczema |
| Biphenyl benzazoled | Gel (5), solution (8), spray (1), cream (39), film (1) | Once/day | Hand skin fungi, yeasts, molds, fungal skin diseases caused by pityrosporum and infections caused by Corynebacterium parvum | Pain and peripheral edema, contact dermatitis, erythema, pruritus, rash, urticaria, blisters, peeling, eczema, dry skin, skin irritation, skin impregnation, burning sensation |
| Clotrimazoled | Solution (32), cream (102), liniments (7), film (3) | 2–3 times/day | Tinea corporis, tinea corporis, tinea capitis, tinea pedis, tinea versicolor, tinea capitis, and candidiasis parvitis and candidal vulvovaginitis | Itching, tingling, erythema, edema |
| Econazole Nitrated | Solution (9), spray (4), cream (42) | Twice/day | Itching, tingling, erythema, edema | |
| Terbinafine Hydrochlorided | Cream (37), liniments (2), spray (7), gel (11) | Once/day | Burning sensation, rash, pruritus |
aCorticosteroids
bSmall molecule inhibitors
cVD analogues
dBroad spectrum antimicrobials
eCream (41) means 41 cream formulations had been proved by CFDA