Table 2.

Progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes for previously-treated patients with advanced MCC after treatment with avelumab (anti-PD-L1) compared with PFS rates from previous chemotherapy trials (historical controls)

Anti-neoplastic agent(s)	Median PFS, months (95% CI)	PFS rate at 12 months, % (95% CI)	Reference
Avelumab (N = 88)	2.7 (1.4–6.9)	30 (21–41)	[39]
Cowey 2017 (n = 20)	2.1 (1.0–3.2)	0	[42]
Becker 2016 (n = 34)	3.0 (2.6–3.1)	0	[43]
Iyer 2016 (n = 30)	2.0 (NA [range: 0.4–11.6])	0*	[14]

The most common second-line chemotherapy was topotecan. NA, not available; *based on PFS range (11–354 days) and Kaplan-Meier PFS estimates