Table 1.
Literature review and our case
| Author | Article type | No. of cases | Reason of TT | Age gender | I setting Y/N | II setting Y/N (day PO) | Size/place trauma | Necrosis/bacterial involvement | Treatment | Posttreatment follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gosnell [3] | Retrospective 11,917 cases | 7/11917 (0.06%) | 4 multinodular goitre 1 Hurthle adenoma 1 Grave’s 1 Anaplastic tumour |
na | Yes | No | Pl | No | Primarily absorbable sutures with muscle strap in two patients | 1 subcutaneous emphysema 1 bilateral pneumothorax |
| Iacconi [7] | Letter to editor | 7 | Grave’s disease | na | Yes | No | na | na | na | 2 died 1 respiratory distress 2 mediastinitis |
| Our case | Case report | 1 | Grave’s disease | 44 F | Yes | No | Al | No | Primarily not absorbable sutures with muscle flap | Tracheostomy in VI PO |
| Damrose [2] | Case report | 1 | Grave’s disease | 20 F | No | Yes (7 days PO) | 1–2 mm/A/I ring | No | Primarily absorbable sutures | No |
| Golger [5] | Case report | 1 | Grave’s disease | 30 F | No | Yes (8 days PO) | A/II-III-IV rings | Yes/Beta-haemolytic Streptococcus | Montgomery T-tube with the trap muscles. | T-tube removed 3 months after |
| Conzo [6] | Case report and review | 1 | Bilateral adenoma | 65 M | No | Yes (15 days PO) | 1.5-mm/AL | No | Conservative treatment* | No |
| Mazeh [8] | Case report and review | 1 | Grave’s disease | 17 F | No | Yes (9 days PO) | 2.5-cm/A/II-III-IV rings | No | Conservative treatment* | Primarily suture |
| Toe Ew [9] | Case report | 1 | Papillary thyroid carcinoma | 62 M | No | Yes (10 days PO) | A | No | na | na |
| Jacqmin [10] | Case report | 1 | Grave’s disease | 53 F | No | Yes (8 days PO) | A/III ring | Yes/Streptococcus mitis | Circumferential tracheal excision with anastomosis | No |
| Chauhan [11] | Case report | 1 | Medullary carcinoma thyroid | 65 M | No | Yes (7 days PO) | 5 mm/A II ring | Yes | Debridement tracheostoma drain | Chauhan [11] |
| Benjamin [12] | Case report | 1 | Papillary thyroid carcinoma | 55 M | No | Yes (4 days PO) | na | na | Primarily absorbable sutures | No |
| Bertolaccini [13] | Case report | 1 | Papillary thyroid carcinoma | 45 M | No | Yes (4 days PO) | AL/IV ring | Staphylococcus aureus | Primarily absorbable sutures with muscle flap | No |
| Sanna [4] | Case report and review | 1 | Papillary thyroid carcinoma | 17 F | No | Yes (7 days PO) | 3 cm/AL/II–V rings | No | A muscular flap, rounded on the tracheal defect | No |
| Rosato L [14] | Case report | 1 | na | na | No | Yes (10 days PO) | na | na | Primarily sutures with patch of fibrinogen-thrombin collagen | No |
| Escott [15] | Case report | 1 | na | 29 M | No | Yes (14 days PO) | 2.5-mm PL | na | Conservative treatment* | After 48 h with a myovascular transposition flap with Tisseel tissue-bonding agent. |
| Xinwei Han [16] | Case report | 1 | Nodule | 39 F | no | Yes (1 PO) | na | na | Covered tracheal stent | Abscess removed with drainage stent was removed 55 days after |
F female, M male, TT total thyroidectomy, L lymphadenectomy, PR primarily repair, MF muscolar flap, D drains, PO postoperative, I setting trachea may be perforated or lacerated intraoperatively, II setting unrecognised injury, or delayed rupture secondary to tracheal necrosis, can present up to 2 weeks postoperatively, PL posterolateral surface of trachea, AL anterolateral, A anterior, na not applicable
*Conservative treatment (bed rest, antibiotic and cough suppressants)