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. 2018 Mar 16;9:267. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00267

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Fully developed arbuscules are formed in the ipd3l ipd3-2 mutant roots. (A) Laser scanning confocal images of wild-type, ipd3l, ipd3-2, and ipd3l ipd3-2 mutants at 8 wpi. The fungus was stained with 0.2 mg/mL WGA-Alexa-Fluor 488. Scale bars correspond to 20 μm. (B) Percent root length colonization of wild-type, ipd3-2, ipd3l, and ipd3l ipd3-2 roots by Rhizophagus irregularis at 45 days post-inoculation (dpi). The degree of root colonization was determined by gridline intersect method. These experiments were repeated four times with similar results. The asterisk indicates a significant decrease compared to the control with Student's t-test (*P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01). (C,D) Expression analyses of arbuscular mycorrhizal specific marker genes by real-time PCR. These experiments were repeated three biological times. More than ten plants were used for RNA extraction. The error bars indicate standard error (n = 3). The asterisk indicates a significant decrease compared to the control with Student's t-test (*P ≤ 0.01).