Table 1.

Characteristics of the sample

	Ages 40—49		Ages 50—59
	2008–2009	2010–2011	2008–2009	2010–2011
Relation to policyholder
Employee	1,113,918 (57.2%)	1,387,647 (56.6%)	1,240,995 (60.1%)	1,582,619 (60.7%)
Spouse/child/other	833,491 (42.8%)	1,064,026 (43.4%)	823,888 (39.9%)	1,027,268 (39.4%)
Plan type
HMO/PPO/CDHP	1,635,824 (84.0%)	2,059,405 (84.0%)	1,693,204 (82.0%)	2,124,933 (81.5%)
POS	206,425 (10.6%)	176,520 (7.2%)	233,332 (11.3%)	216,404 (8.3%)
Other/missing	105,160 (5.4%)	218,199 (8.9%)	138,347 (6.7%)	265,943 (10.2%)
Region
Northeast	171,372 (8.8%)	394,719 (16.1%)	154,866 (7.5%)	406,736 (15.6%)
North central	482,957 (24.8%)	593,305 (24.2%)	545,129 (26.4%)	646,605 (24.8%)
South	962,020 (49.4%)	953,701 (38.9%)	1,007,663 (48.8%)	998,588 (38.3%)
West	325,217 (16.7%)	505,045 (20.6%)	351,030 (17.0%)	552,743 (21.2%)
Missing	7,790 (0.4%)	4,903 (0.2%)	8,260 (0.4%)	5,215 (0.2%)
Comorbidities
Cardiac disease	138,850 (7.1%)	169,901 (6.9%)	228,996 (11.1%)	274,807 (10.5%)
Hypertension	431,935 (22.2%)	514,361 (21.0%)	788,372 (38.2%)	934,449 (35.8%)
COPD	199,999 (10.3%)	238,793 (9.7%)	246,547 (11.9%)	294,362 (11.3%)
Diabetes	145,471 (7.5%)	181,914 (7.4%)	286,399 (13.9%)	347,811 (13.3%)
Cancera	67,965 (3.5%)	85,809 (3.5%)	126,577 (6.1%)	159,566 (6.1%)
Rheumatoid arthritis	67,965 (3.5%)	90,712 (3.7%)	97,875 (4.7%)	126,714 (4.9%)
Obesity	103,018 (5.3%)	156,662 (6.4%)	99,321 (4.8%)	151,222 (5.8%)
Anemia	87,049 (4.5%)	115,474 (4.7%)	75,368 (3.7%)	96,730 (3.7%)
Alcohol/drug abuse	18,695 (1.0%)	25,743 (1.1%)	16,313 (0.8%)	24,508 (0.9%)
Depression	253,358 (13.0%)	338,086 (13.8%)	243,450 (11.8%)	325,910 (12.5%)
N	1,947,409	2,451,673	2,064,883	2,607,280

HMO health maintenance organization, PPO preferred provider organization, CDHP consumer-directed health plan, POS point-of-service plan, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

^aExcluding breast cancer