Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics and medical histories of Egyptian women bladder cancer cases and controls.
| Characteristic | Control N = 824 | All cases* N = 422 | SCC cases N = 204 | UC cases N = 190 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| Mean | 54.5 | 55.8 | 53.2 | 59.0 |
| SD | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| H/HH occupation | ||||
| Other | 552 (67) | 252 (60) | 118 (58) | 115 (60) |
| Agricultural worker | 241 (29) | 150 (35) | 77 (38) | 64 (34) |
| Missing | 31 (4) | 20 (5) | 9 (4) | 11 (6) |
| Area of residence | ||||
| Urban | 106 (13) | 57 (14) | 19 (9) | 35 (18) |
| Rural | 718 (87) | 365 (86) | 185 (91) | 155 (82) |
| Area of residence | ||||
| North (lower) | 80 (10) | 56 (13) | 26 (13) | 28 (15) |
| South (upper) | 744 (90) | 366 (86) | 178 (87) | 162 (85) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 549 (67) | 244 (58) | 122 (60) | 103 (54) |
| Never married | 13 (2) | 8 (2) | 7 (3) | 1 (0) |
| Divorced/separated | 11 (1) | 17 (4) | 10 (5) | 5 (3) |
| Widow | 251 (30) | 153 (36) | 65 (32) | 81 (43) |
| Education | ||||
| None | 606 (74) | 381 (90) | 187 (92) | 168 (88) |
| Kottab or primary school | 201 (26) | 33 (8) | 14 (7) | 18 (9) |
| Prep, high, or tech school | 84 (10) | 6 (1) | 2 (1) | 3 (2) |
| College/university | 11 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (0) | 1 (1) |
| Missing | 2 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Smoking (cigarettes or water pipe) | ||||
| Both | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Cigarettes only | 3 (1) | 7 (2) | 3 (1) | 3 (2) |
| Water pipe only | 11 (1) | 6 (1) | 4 (2) | 2 (1) |
| Neither | 810 (98) | 408 (97) | 197 (97) | 185 (97) |
| ETS exposure among nonsmokers | ||||
| No | 166 (20) | 95 (23) | 43 (22) | 45 (24) |
| Yes | 597 (74) | 306 (75) | 151 (77) | 136 (74) |
| Missing | 47 (6) | 7 (2) | 3 (1) | 4 (2) |
| Pesticide use at home | ||||
| No | 529 (64) | 324 (77) | 160 (78) | 142 (75) |
| Yes | 292 (35) | 96 (24) | 44 (22) | 48 (25) |
| Missing | 3 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| History of schistosomiasis | ||||
| No | 683 (83) | 296 (70) | 144 (71) | 136 (72) |
| Yes | 98 (12) | 91 (22) | 41 (20) | 39 (20) |
| Unknown | 43 (5) | 35 (8) | 19 (9) | 15 (8) |
| History of UTI | ||||
| No | 682 (83) | 322 (76) | 161 (79) | 143 (75) |
| Yes | 142 (17) | 100 (24) | 43 (21) | 47 (25) |
| Age at first pregnancy (years) | ||||
| ≤18 | 438 (53) | 176 (42) | 86 (42) | 76 (40) |
| >18 | 346 (42) | 225 (53) | 109 (53) | 110 (54) |
| Missing | 40 (5) | 21 (5) | 9 (4) | 12 (6) |
Note. SD = standard deviation; ETS = environmental tobacco smoke; H/HH = husband/head of household; SCC = squamous cell carcinoma; UC = urothelial carcinoma; UTI = urinary tract infection.
*
All cases included SCC, UC, and adenocarcinoma.