Table 2.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the associations between study variables and bladder cancer among Egyptian women.

Variable	All cases* N = 388		SCC cases N = 188		UC cases N = 174
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
H/HH occupation
Other	Reference		Reference		Reference
Agricultural worker	1.39	1.07, 1.81	1.47	1.05, 2.06	1.39	0.97, 1.99
Marital status
Not married	Reference		Reference		Reference
Married	0.66	0.50, 0.87	0.59	0.41, 0.84	0.74	0.51, 1.06
Education
None	Reference		Reference		Reference
Primary school or above	0.29	0.20, 0.43	0.22	0.14, 0.38	0.41	0.24, 0.68
Pesticide use at home
No	Reference		Reference		Reference
Yes	0.52	0.39, 0.69	0.49	0.33, 0.72	0.53	0.36, 0.80
History of schistosomiasis
No	Reference		Reference		Reference
Yes	2.21	1.59, 3.08	1.92	1.26, 2.94	2.22	1.44, 3.43
Age at first pregnancy (years)
≤18	Reference		Reference		Reference
>18	1.58	1.22, 2.03	1.56	1.12, 2.17	1.66	1.17, 2.34
History of UTI
No	Reference		Reference		Reference
Yes	1.52	1.12, 2.06	1.20	0.80, 1.80	1.76	1.17, 2.63
ETS exposure
No	Reference		Reference		Reference
Yes	0.85	0.63, 1.14	0.94	0.64, 1.38	0.79	0.53, 1.17

Note. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; ETS = environmental tobacco smoke; H/HH = husband/head of household; SCC = squamous cell carcinoma;

UC = urothelial carcinoma; UTI = urinary tract infection.

^*All cases included SCC, UC, and adenocarcinoma.