Table 2.
N = 79,889 | Unadjusted | Adjusted* |
---|---|---|
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | |
Age (1-y increase) | 1.08 (1.08, 1.09) | 1.08 (1.08, 1.09) |
Race/ethnicity | ||
White | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Black | 1.65 (1.60, 1.71) | 1.38 (1.33, 1.43) |
Hispanic | 1.70 (1.61, 1.79) | 1.60 (1.51, 1.70) |
American Indian | 1.75 (1.52, 2.00) | 1.52 (1.31, 1.76) |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.64 (1.56, 1.73) | 1.65 (1.56, 1.75) |
Unknown | 1.33 (1.24, 1.44) | 1.22 (1.12, 1.32) |
Education | ||
Post HS | 1.00 | 1.00 |
≤ High school diploma/GED | 1.35 (1.32, 1.38) | 1.20 (1.18, 1.23) |
Smoking status | ||
Never | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Past | 1.07 (1.05, 1.09) | 1.14 (1.12, 1.17) |
Current | 1.64 (1.58, 1.71) | 1.78 (1.71, 1.86) |
General health | ||
Excellent | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Very good | 1.29 (1.25, 1.33) | 1.20 (1.16, 1.25) |
Good | 1.84 (1.78, 1.90) | 1.54 (1.48, 1.59) |
Fair | 2.85 (2.74, 2.96) | 2.07 (1.98, 2.16) |
Poor | 4.09 (3.69, 4.52) | 2.57 (2.31, 2.87) |
Depressive symptoms † | ||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 1.38 (1.34, 1.43) | 1.16 (1.12, 1.20) |
Total recreational physical activity | ||
High | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Moderate | 1.10 (1.07, 1.13) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) |
Low | 1.29 (1.26, 1.32) | 1.08 (1.05, 1.11) |
None | 1.45 (1.41, 1.50) | 1.15 (1.11, 1.19) |
Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) | ||
<25 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
25 to <30 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.00) |
30 to <35 | 1.15 (1.12, 1.18) | 1.05 (1.01, 1.08) |
35 to <40 | 1.25 (1.20, 1.29) | 1.08 (1.04, 1.13) |
≥40 | 1.45 (1.37, 1.53) | 1.22 (1.16, 1.30) |
History of CVD ‡ | ||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 1.61 (1.56, 1.65) | 1.22 (1.19, 1.26) |
Notes: CES-D/DIS = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; CHF = congestive heart failure; CI = confidence interval; CVD = cardiovascular disease; GED = General Educational Development; HS = high school; MI = myocardial infarction.
*Estimates from a multivariable model that includes all listed variables.
† CES-D/DIS score ≥0.06.
‡ Defined as MI, stroke, angina, revascularization, or CHF.