Table 3.
Aging-Related Changes Within 80+ Cohort: Comparison of Physical, Mental, and Social States of 80+ Cohort From Baseline, by Baseline Age (limited to those in the current 80+ cohort), N = 35,188
| N | Unadjusted Results | Adjusted for Age at Enrollment, Race/Ethnicity, and Education* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean/Percent at Baseline | Mean/Percent at Most Recent Assessment | Change in Mean/ Percent From Baseline (95% CI) | Mean Change or Odds Ratio (95% CI) for Status at Follow-up Compared With Baseline | ||
| Smoking status: current smoker (%) | |||||
| < Age 70 at baseline | 18,681 | 3.8 | 1.5 | −2.3 (−2.5, −2.0) | 0.39 (0.35, 0.44) |
| ≥ Age 70 at baseline | 9,698 | 2.1 | 1.0 | −1.1 (−1.4, −0.8) | 0.46 (0.39, 0.56) |
| Self-reported health: | |||||
| < Age 70 at baseline | 21,819 | ||||
| a) Mean score † | 2.188 | 2.592 | 0.404 (0.392, 0.415) | 0.404 (0.393, 0.416) | |
| b) Fair/poor (%) | 4.7 | 12.8 | 8.0 (7.6, 8.5) | 2.99 (2.80, 3.19) | |
| ≥ Age 70 at baseline | 12,836 | ||||
| a) Mean score † | 2.254 | 2.743 | 0.489 (0.473, 0.504) | 0.489 (0.473, 0.505) | |
| b) Fair/poor (%) | 5.0 | 17.9 | 12.8 (12.2, 13.5) | 4.12 (3.80, 4.47) | |
| Depressive symptoms: | |||||
| < Age 70 at baseline | 17,580 | ||||
| a) Mean score | 0.024 | 0.025 | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.003) | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.003) | |
| b) Symptoms present (score ≥0.06), % | 6.7 | 6.7 | −0.01(−0.51, 0.42) | 1.00 (0.93, 1.08) | |
| ≥ Age 70 at baseline | 8,952 | ||||
| a) Mean score | 0.02 | 0.023 | 0.004 (0.001, 0.006) | 0.004 (0.001, 0.006) | |
| b) Symptoms present (score ≥0.06), % | 5.5 | 6.3 | 0.79 (0.16, 1.43) | 1.15 (1.03, 1.29) | |
| Physical activity: number of episodes per week | |||||
| < Age 70 at baseline | 17,813 | 5.44 | 4.03 | −1.41 (−1.47, −1.35) | −1.41 (−1.48, −1.35) |
| ≥ Age 70 at baseline | 9,582 | 5.49 | 3.37 | −2.12 (−2.20, −2.03) | −2.12 (−2.21, −2.04) |
| BMI | |||||
| < Age 70 at baseline | |||||
| a) Mean | 20,455 | 27.37 | 27.61 | 0.24 (0.20, 0.27) | 0.24 (0.20, 0.28) |
| b) Overweight (≥30), % | 26 | 28 | 2.0 (1.6, 2.4) | 1.11 (1.09, 1.13) | |
| ≥ Age 70 at baseline | |||||
| a) Mean | 12,056 | 26.86 | 26.98 | 0.11 (0.06, 0.16) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.17) |
| b) Overweight (≥30), % | 21.8 | 22.9 | 1.0 (0.5, 1.5) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.09) | |
| CVD ‡ (%) | |||||
| < Age 70 at baseline | 22,105 | 6.9 | 17 | 10.1 (9.7, 10.5) | 2.78 (2.67, 2.90) |
| ≥ Age 70 at baseline | 13,084 | 9.5 | 22.2 | 12.6 (12.1, 13.2) | 2.72 (2.59, 2.85) |
Notes: BMI = body mass index; CHF = congestive heart failure; CI = confidence interval; CVD = cardiovascular disease; GED = General Educational Development; MI = myocardial infarction.
*Mean changes are estimated from a repeated measures, and odds ratios are estimated using generalized estimating equations, where both types of models assume an unstructured covariance matrix and adjust for linear age at enrollment, race/ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan Native, unknown), and education (≤ high school diploma/GED, post high school education).
† Score ranges from 1 to 5 where 1 = excellent and 5 = poor.
‡ CVD includes MI, revascularization, stroke, angina, CHF.