Table 3.
Odds Ratios and Corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals for Being in the Highest Tertile of Physical Functioning Score Versus the Lowest Tertile From Fully Adjusted Multinomial Regression Models by CVD Conditions
| Predictors | CVD Absent | Total CVD Present | CHD Present | Stroke Present | VTE Present | CHF Present | PAD Present | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | ||
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age at visit with physical functioning | 85–89 | 0.48 (0.44, 0.53)* | 0.52 (0.43, 0.62)* | 0.44 (0.35, 0.57)* | 0.62 (0.42, 0.91)# | 0.59 (0.40, 0.87)# | 0.48 (0.26, 0.89) | 0.76 (0.43, 1.35) |
| 90+ | 0.17 (0.15, 0.21) | 0.26 (0.19, 0.35) | 0.23 (0.15, 0.35) | 0.20 (0.10, 0.43) | 0.30 (0.15, 0.61) | 0.63 (0.27, 1.45) | 0.30 (0.12, 0.76) | |
| Race/ethnicity | Black or African American | 2.20 (1.78, 2.72)* | 1.88 (1.28, 2.77)# | 2.02 (1.14, 3.56) | 1.23 (0.54, 2.81) | |||
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1.13 (0.83, 1.53) | 1.82 (0.90, 3.70) | 1.15 (0.43, 3.05) | 4.99 (1.32, 18.9) | ||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 2.02 (1.44, 2.84) | 3.49 (1.66, 7.34) | 2.10 (0.71, 6.23) | 2.82 (0.55, 14.5) | ||||
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 1.42 (0.61, 3.29) | 0.75 (0.12, 4.68) | 0.94 (0.10, 8.65) | 1.58 (0.10, 25.2) | ||||
| Other | 1.47 (0.96, 2.25) | 1.23 (0.52, 2.88) | 1.09 (0.33, 3.64) | 2.28 (0.43, 12.1) | ||||
| Above high school | 0.85 (0.76, 0.94)# | 0.85 (0.70, 1.03) | 0.84 (0.64, 1.09) | 0.95 (0.62, 1.47) | 1.01 (0.66, 1.53) | 0.84 (0.44, 1.61) | 1.05 (0.56, 1.96) | |
| Life style | ||||||||
| Smoking status | Past | 0.88 (0.81, 0.96)^ | 0.99 (0.84, 1.17) | 1.00 (0.79, 1.26) | 1.16 (0.80, 1.67) | 0.92 (0.65, 1.31) | 0.90 (0.53, 1.54) | |
| Current | 0.85 (0.57, 1.25) | 1.07 (0.52, 2.23) | 0.80 (0.29, 2.24) | 1.95 (0.50, 7.59) | 3.93 (0.66, 23.6) | 1.11 (0.21, 5.78) | ||
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 25–29 | 0.53 (0.48, 0.59)* | 0.66 (0.55, 0.80)* | 0.72 (0.55, 0.93)* | 0.82 (0.54, 1.23) | 0.75 (0.50, 1.13)# | 0.45 (0.24, 0.85)* | 0.35 (0.19, 0.66)# |
| At least 30 | 0.21 (0.18, 0.23) | 0.31 (0.25, 0.39) | 0.28 (0.20, 0.38) | 0.56 (0.33, 0.94) | 0.35 (0.22, 0.56) | 0.30 (0.15, 0.59) | 0.36 (0.18, 0.75) | |
| Recreational physical activity (min/wk) | Second quartile | 2.59 (2.30, 2.93)* | 3.23 (2.54, 4.10)* | 3.55 (2.54, 4.98)* | 2.46 (1.46, 4.15)* | 3.42 (2.01, 5.80)* | 2.52 (1.16, 5.46)* | 2.49 (1.20, 5.18)* |
| Third quartile | 4.61 (4.09, 5.20) | 5.33 (4.21, 6.74) | 6.56 (4.71, 9.14) | 3.64 (2.20, 6.02) | 6.30 (3.72, 10.6) | 4.11 (2.00, 8.43) | 5.36 (2.53, 11.4) | |
| Fourth quartile | 11.7 (10.2, 13.4) | 12.3 (9.50, 15.8) | 14.8 (10.3, 21.3) | 10.7 (6.10, 18.6) | 12.6 (7.44, 21.5) | 12.4 (5.50, 27.9) | 13.3 (6.03, 29.5) | |
| Psycho-social traits | ||||||||
| Subjective well-being, happy | Some to a good bit of time | 0.88 (0.80, 0.98)# | 0.95 (0.78, 1.16) | 0.99 (0.75, 1.30) | 0.75 (0.49, 1.16) | 1.13 (0.74, 1.72) | 0.88 (0.47, 1.68) | 1.06 (0.55, 2.06) |
| None to a little of the time | 0.73 (0.59, 0.90) | 1.20 (0.80, 1.79) | 1.23 (0.69, 2.20) | 1.17 (0.50, 2.74) | 1.33 (0.54, 3.27) | 0.57 (0.15, 2.17) | 1.59 (0.51, 4.98) | |
| Social support score | Second quartile | 0.98 (0.87, 1.11) | 1.04 (0.82, 1.33) | 1.29 (0.92, 1.81) | 0.96 (0.58, 1.59) | 0.75 (0.44, 1.26) | 1.00 (0.43, 2.35) | 0.45 (0.20, 0.99) |
| Third quartile | 1.03 (0.91, 1.16) | 0.98 (0.78, 1.25) | 1.19 (0.86, 1.67) | 0.66 (0.39, 1.11) | 0.93 (0.57, 1.52) | 0.95 (0.43, 2.12) | 0.63 (0.30, 1.33) | |
| Fourth quartile | 1.07 (0.94, 1.21) | 1.26 (0.98, 1.62) | 1.64 (1.16, 2.33) | 0.94 (0.55, 1.61) | 1.19 (0.71, 2.01) | 1.40 (0.61, 3.24) | 0.58 (0.26, 1.31) | |
| Third quartile | 1.03 (0.91, 1.16) | 0.98 (0.78, 1.25) | 1.19 (0.86, 1.67) | 0.66 (0.39, 1.11) | 0.93 (0.57, 1.52) | 0.95 (0.43, 2.12) | 0.63 (0.30, 1.33) | |
| Fourth quartile | 1.07 (0.94, 1.21) | 1.26 (0.98, 1.62) | 1.64 (1.16, 2.33) | 0.94 (0.55, 1.61) | 1.19 (0.71, 2.01) | 1.40 (0.61, 3.24) | 0.58 (0.26, 1.31) | |
| Depression | 0.90 (0.75, 1.08) | 0.90 (0.64, 1.28) | 0.74 (0.45, 1.23) | 0.96 (0.41, 2.22) | 1.15 (0.56, 2.37) | 1.33 (0.46, 3.80) | 1.05 (0.40, 2.72)^ | |
| In general self-reported health is | Very good | 0.37 (0.30, 0.46)* | 0.36 (0.22, 0.58)* | 0.22 (0.10, 0.50)* | 0.66 (0.26, 1.69)* | 0.28 (0.10, 0.78)* | 1.01 (0.23, 4.49)* | 0.19 (0.03, 1.08)* |
| Good | 0.08 (0.07, 0.10) | 0.08 (0.05, 0.13) | 0.06 (0.02, 0.12) | 0.20 (0.08, 0.50) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.11) | 0.28 (0.06, 1.20) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.19) | |
| Fair | 0.01 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.03) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.10) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.04) | 0.08 (0.02, 0.39) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.04) | |
| Poor | 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.02) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.02) | 0.02 (0.00, 0.24) | 0.02 (0.00, 0.19) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | |
| Medical history prior to physical functioning assessment | ||||||||
| History of hypertension requiring pills | 0.75 (0.68, 0.82)* | 0.75 (0.61, 0.92)^ | 0.73 (0.53, 1.00) | 0.71 (0.44, 1.14) | 0.65 (0.43, 0.96) | 0.73 (0.36, 1.50) | 1.17 (0.59, 2.30) | |
| History of high cholesterol requiring pills | 0.99 (0.90, 1.10) | 0.92 (0.78, 1.10) | 0.80 (0.63, 1.01) | 0.90 (0.61, 1.32) | 1.23 (0.82, 1.86) | 1.28 (0.70, 2.35) | 0.95 (0.53, 1.68) | |
| History of treated diabetes mellitus | 0.92 (0.81, 1.05) | 0.73 (0.58, 0.92)^ | 0.73 (0.54, 0.99) | 0.65 (0.39, 1.08) | 0.72 (0.43, 1.23) | 0.53 (0.25, 1.10) | 1.32 (0.68, 2.57) | |
| History of hip fracture ≥55 years | 0.31 (0.25, 0.37)* | 0.37 (0.26, 0.54)* | 0.43 (0.26, 0.73)# | 0.39 (0.18, 0.85)^ | 0.41 (0.20, 0.84)^ | 0.07 (0.01, 0.56)^ | 0.26 (0.08, 0.91) | |
| History of arthritis | 0.41 (0.37, 0.46)* | 0.46 (0.38, 0.56)* | 0.44 (0.34, 0.59)* | 0.49 (0.32, 0.75)# | 0.43 (0.27, 0.69)# | 0.56 (0.29, 1.11) | 0.28 (0.14, 0.57)# | |
| Recent use of medications | ||||||||
| Recent use of statin | 1.11 (1.00, 1.23) | 1.22 (1.01, 1.46) | 1.07 (0.82, 1.40) | 1.41 (0.95, 2.10) | 0.79 (0.53, 1.18) | 1.55 (0.84, 2.86) | 1.20 (0.67, 2.16) | |
| Recent use of NSAIDS | 0.56 (0.51, 0.61)* | 0.51 (0.43, 0.61)* | 0.52 (0.40, 0.67)* | 0.50 (0.33, 0.75)# | 0.45 (0.31, 0.65)* | 0.53 (0.30, 0.95)^ | 0.53 (0.30, 0.94)^ | |
| Recent use of aspirin | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.82, 1.14) | 0.91 (0.71, 1.15) | 1.36 (0.94, 1.97) | 0.78 (0.55, 1.11) | 0.84 (0.49, 1.44) | 1.09 (0.64, 1.84) | |
| Recent use of warfarin | 0.40 (0.28, 0.56)* | 0.51 (0.36, 0.73)# | 0.53 (0.29, 0.96)^ | 0.26 (0.12, 0.55)# | 0.91 (0.50, 1.67) | 0.55 (0.26, 1.18) | 0.58 (0.11, 2.96) | |
Notes : The odds ratios in the table have the following interpretation: Using age as an example: With CVD absent, women 85–89 years old compared to those <85 years old had a 48% chance to be in the highest tertile of physical functioning vs the lowest tertile, while those 90+ years old had an even lower 17% chance. Overall statistical significance was indicated by three symbols appearing in the first category: * p < .0001; # p < .01; ^ p < .05. All significant effects are in bold type. Due to small numbers, race/ethnicity was omitted from models for VTE, CHF, and PAD; in addition, smoking status was omitted for CHF. BMI = body mass index; CHF = congestive heart failure; CVD = cardiovascular disease; HCD = coronary heart disease; PAD = peripheral arterial disease; VTE = venous thromboembolism.