Table 1.

Summary of genes, gene products and functional pathways ascribed biological significance or potential as drug or vaccine targets based on transcriptomic, proteomic or experimental findings highlighted in this review.

Species	Stage	Gene/Gene product/Pathway	Type of investigation	Putative function / Appliction	Reference
S. ratti	L3ia	Astacin metalloprotease	Proteomic	Host tissue invasion	[50•]
		L3 Nie Antigen		Immunogenic; vespid wasp venom family
		Fatty acid retinol binding protein		Scavenging host lipids
	P Femaleb	Prolyl oligopeptidase		Motility / survival
		Sra-HSP-17.1		Binds host epithelium; elicits IL-10 production	[51]
		Sra-HSP-17.2		Elicits IL-10 production
		SR00007 chondroitin proteoglycan	Transcriptomic /EST	Immunogen; function unknown	[41•]
		SR00449 chondroitin proteoglycan		Sereted immunogen; function unknown
		SR00984 Small heat-shock protein		Immunogen; function unknown
S. stercoralis	L3i	Ss-age-1 (ILSd)	Experimental	All promote developmental activation of cultured L3i in the absence of host-like stimuli.	[24]
		GPCRe signaling			[19•]
		Dafachronic acid -Ss-DAF-12 signaling
		HSP-90	Transcriptomic /μArray	Potential chemotherapeutic target	[40]
		Cytochrome oxidase ucr 2.1		Potential vaccine targets
		Sperm containing glycoprotein domain
		Fatty acid retinol binding protein-1		Scavenging host lipids
S. venezuelensis	P Female	Ferrochetalase	Transcriptomic /RNAseq	Iron porphyrin catabolism	[37][38][49]
	LL3c	Multiple transcripts		Secretory glycan biosynthesis	[37][38]
S. papillosus	L3i	Spa-asp-2 Aspartic protease	Experimental	Both upregulated at skin penetration	[45]
		Spa-lys Lysozyme

^aInfective third-stage larva

^bParasitic female

^cPost-infective L3 collected from lungs of infected mice, 72-75 hours after inoculation of L3i

^dInsulin-like signaling

^eG protein-coupled receptor