Table 4.

Glasgow Coma Scale Scores and Location of Uni–And Bilateral Traumatic Axonal Injury Lesions in Different Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences

	Patients without TAI lesions		Patients with unilateral TAI lesions			Patients with bilateral TAI lesions
Location and MRI sequence	n	Median GCS score (IQR)	n	Median GCS score (IQR)	p valuea	n	Median GCS score (IQR)	p valueb
Thalamus
– T2*GRE	127	10 (7–12)	18	6.5 (3.8–10)	0.006	5	4 (3–4)	0.038
– FLAIR	138	10 (7–12)	11	6 (5–10)	0.084	9	3 (3–4)	0.005
– DWI	144	9.5 (7–12)	9	6 (3.5–9.5)	0.040	1	3 (3–3)	0.210
Basal ganglia
– T2*GREc	126	10 (7–12)	22	7 (5–11)	0.044	3	4 (3–4)	0.084
– FLAIR	148	10 (7–12)	10	5 (3–6.5)	<0.001	0	N.A.	N/A
– DWI	150	9 (7–12)	4	6 (3.8–9.8)	0.124	0	N.A.	N/A
Brainstem
– T2*GRE	119	10 (7–13)	21	9 (5.5–10.5)	0.064	10	4.5 (3–6.3)	0.008
– FLAIR	128	10 (7–12)	20	7.5 (4.3–10)	0.025	10	5 (3–8)	0.162
– DWI	137	10 (7–12)	14	6 (4–8.3)	<0.001	3	3 (3–3)	0.126

MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; TAI, traumatic axonal injury; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; IQR, interquartile range; T2^*GRE, T2 weighted gradient echo imaging; FLAIR, fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging; DWI, diffusion weighted imaging;

^aMedian GCS score in patients with unilateral TAI lesions compared with patients without TAI lesions.

^bMedian GCS score in patients with bilateral TAI lesions compared with patients with unilateral TAI lesions.

^cIn one patient, T2^*GRE image quality was too poor to conclude on TAI any other place than in the basal ganglia.