Table 4.

Physical Examination Findings

Finding	Present in Operative Group (%)	Present in Nonoperative Group (%)	p Value	Sensitivity, % (95% CI)	Specificity, % (95% CI)	PPV, % (95% CI)	NPV, % (95% CI)	Positive Likelihood Ratio (95% CI)	Negative Likelihood Ratio (95% CI)
Seat belt sign	12 (70.6)	147 (17.6)	<0.0001	70.6 (44.0–89.7)	82.4 (79.7–85.0)	7.6 (5.5–10.3)	99.3 (98.5–99.7)	4.0 (2.9–5.7)	0.4 (0.2–0.8)
Abdominal bruising	7 (41.2)	77 (9.2)	<0.0001	41.2 (18.4–67.1)	90.8 (88.7–92.7)	8.2 (4.7–14.3)	98.7 (98.1–99.1)	4.5 (2.5–8.2)	0.7 (0.4–0.9)
Open abdominal wound	13 (76.5)	8 (1.0)	<0.0001	76.5 (50.1–93.2)	99.1 (98.1–99.6)	61.9 (43.7–77.3)	99.5 (98.9–99.8)	80.3 (38.4–168.0)	0.2 (0.1–0.6)
Abdominal tenderness, peritonitis	13 (76.5)	106 (12.6)	<0.0001	76.5 (50.1–93.2)	87.4 (84.9–89.6)	10.9 (8.2–14.4)	99.5 (98.7–99.8)	6.06 (4.41–8.33)	0.27 (0.11–0.63)

CI = confidence interval; NPV = negative predictive value; PPV = negative predictive value.