Table 2.

Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for the association of baseline coronary artery calcium and incident hypertension

	1 unit continuous CAC*	CAC 0	CAC 1–100	CAC 101–400	CAC >400	p for trend
N	−	2009	788	329	178	−
N incident HTN cases	−	689	339	158	97	−
Incidence Rates (per 1000 person-years)	−	38.8	54.5	67.0	89.5	−
Model 1	1.18 (1.15,1.21)	1 (ref)	1.50 (1.32,1.72)	2.28 (1.90,2.74)	3.21 (2.54,4.04)	<0.001
Model 2	1.12 (1.09,1.16)	1 (ref)	1.35 (1.17,1.56)	1.75 (1.44,2.13)	2.24 (1.75,2.88)	<0.001
Model 3	1.13 (1.10,1.16)	1 (ref)	1.40 (1.21,1.61)	1.78 (1.47,2.17)	2.24 (1.74,2.89)	<0.001

^*Modeled as ln(CAC+1).

Model 1 is adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, MESA site.

Model 2 is adjusted for Model 1 covariates in addition to cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol lowering medication use, family history of coronary heart disease, body mass index, moderate/vigorous physical activity, healthy diet, alcohol use.

Model 3 is adjusted for Model 2 covariates in addition to baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure.