Table 3.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for the association of extra coronary calcification and incident hypertension
| Aortic Valve Calcium (AVC) |
Thoracic Aortic Calcium (TAC) |
Aortic Root Calcium (ARC) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presence (Yes/No) |
By Severity (Categorical) |
Presence (Yes/No) |
By Severity (Categorical) |
Presence (Yes/No) |
By Severity (Categorical) |
|
| Model 1 | 2.09 (1.74,2.53) |
AVC 0 AU 1 (ref) |
2.13 (1.83,2.48) |
TAC 0 AU 1 (ref) |
2.01 (1.76,2.29) |
ARC 0 AU 1 (ref) |
| AVC 1–60 AU | TAC 1–267 AU | ARC 1–79 AU | ||||
| 1.91 (1.50,2.44) | 1.79 (1.49,2.15) | 1.78 (1.53,2.09) | ||||
| AVC 61–7672 AU | TAC 268–15163 AU | ARC 80–3041 AU | ||||
| 2.35 (1.80,3.06) | 2.91 (2.36,3.58) | 2.44 (2.04,2.91) | ||||
| Model 2 | 1.54 (1.26,1.88) |
AVC 0 AU 1 (ref) |
1.54 (1.31,1.82) |
TAC 0 AU 1 (ref) |
1.59 (1.38,1.83) |
ARC 0 AU 1 (ref) |
| AVC 1–60 AU | TAC 1–267 AU | ARC 1–79 AU | ||||
| 1.52 (1.18,1.95) | 1.43 (1.18,1.73) | 1.53 (1.29,1.81) | ||||
| AVC 61–7672 AU | TAC 268–15163 AU | ARC 80–3041 AU | ||||
| 1.57 (1.19,2.07) | 1.77 (1.41,2.22) | 1.68 (1.38,2.03) | ||||
| Model 3 | 1.36 (1.11,1.66) |
AVC 0 AU 1 (ref) |
1.36 (1.15,1.61) |
TAC 0 AU 1 (ref) |
1.38 (1.19,1.60) |
ARC 0 AU 1 (ref) |
| AVC 1–60 AU | TAC 1–267 AU | ARC 1–79 AU | ||||
| 1.31 (1.02,1.70) | 1.30 (1.07,1.58) | 1.38 (1.17,1.64) | ||||
| AVC 61–7672 AU | TAC 268–15163 AU | ARC 80–3041 AU | ||||
| 1.41 (1.07,1.86) | 1.46 (1.16,1.84) | 1.37 (1.12,1.67) | ||||
| Model 4 | 1.21 (0.99,1.49) |
AVC 0 AU 1 (ref) |
1.27 (1.07,1.50) |
TAC 0 AU 1 (ref) |
1.29 (1.11,1.51) |
ARC 0 AU 1 (ref) |
| AVC 1–60 AU | TAC 1–267 AU | ARC 1–79 AU | ||||
| 1.21 (0.92,1.56) | 1.24 (1.02,1.51) | 1.34 (1.13,1.59) | ||||
| AVC 61–7672 AU | TAC 268–15163 AU | ARC 80–3041 AU | ||||
| 1.29 (0.96,1.72) | 1.36 (1.07,1.73) | 1.19 (0.95,1.48) | ||||
AU = Agatston units.
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, MESA site.
Model 2 adjusted for Model 1 covariates in addition to cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol lowering medication use, family history of coronary heart disease, body mass index, moderate/vigorous physical activity, healthy diet, alcohol use, baseline CAC score.
Model 3 adjusted for Model 2 covariates in addition to baseline CAC score ln(CAC+1).
Model 4 is adjusted for Model 3 covariates in addition to all ECC measures simultaneously.