Figure 1.

Changes in viral RNA quantity (panel A) and core cytokine levels (panels B–G) in culture supernatants of normal human bronchial epithelial cell cultures in relation to variables of interest. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured from a 24-year-old female and a 69-year-old female and experimentally infected with the H7N9 or H1N1pdm virus. Viral RNA quantity (log-transformed) and cytokine values were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test to evaluate their differences at each time point, or a Wilcoxon signed rank test to evaluate their difference between various time points. ^aP < 0.05.