Figure 4.

Succinate increased protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle of C57 BL mice. Thirty 8-week-old male mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=10). Different concentrations of succinate (0, 150 and 300 mg/kg) were injected in intraperitoneal for 3 h. (A-D) Expression of p-Erk, p-Akt and p-FoxO3a were detected by western blotting. (E) Expression of p-S6 in the gastrocnemius of mice by immunoflurescence. (F and G) Puromycin incorporation levels in gastrocnemius detected by western blotting. (H) The mechanism picture that succinate promotes the protein synthesis of skeletal muscle myotubes. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ^a,bSignificant differences between groups (P<0.05). β-actin was used as a loading control.