Figure 3.

Riccardin D suppressed inflammation by decreasing COX-2 and NF-κB expression. (A) Western blotting demonstrated that Riccardin D treatment inhibited the protein expression of NF-κB and p-NF-κB Ser⁵³⁶ in HT-29 cells. (B) Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that COX-2 cDNA expression decreased in HT-29 cells treated with Riccardin D. (C) A luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that Riccardin D inhibits NF-κB transactivation activity induced by LPS. **P<0.01 vs. control (+ LPS with 0 µM Riccardin D). COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; p-, phosphorylated; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-α; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.