Table 2.
Summary of primary studies published after April 2010*
| Study | Catheter | Comparison | No. of legs | Anesthesia | No. of cases of deep vein thrombosis | No. of cases of pulmonary embolism | Success rate, % | Hailey et al.6 score† | Downs and Black7 score‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zan et al.26 | ClosurePlus | — | 24 | Local | 0 | 0 | 95.8 postoperatively, 95.8 at 24 mo | VI | 16 |
| García-Madrid et al.27 | ClosurePlus (first 40), ClosureFAST (subsequent) | — | 153 | Local | 0 | 0 | 100 postoperatively, 97 at 12 mo | VIII | 9 |
| Calcagno et al.28 | ClosureFAST | — | 338 | Local | 0 | 0 | 95 postoperatively, 99 at 6 mo | VI | 15 |
| Kapoor et al.29 | ClosureFAST | — | 100 | Local | 0 | — | 100 postoperatively, 97 at 12 mo | VI | 18 |
| Shepherd et al.30 | ClosureFAST | — | 443 | General | — | — | NA | IV | 21 |
| Proebstle et al.31 | ClosureFAST | — | 295 | Local | 0 | 0 | 99.7 postoperatively, 96.3 at 12 mo, 92.6 at 36 mo | IV | 23 |
| Bisang et al.32 | ClosureFAST | — | 232 | Local | 0 | 1 | 94.1 at 12 mo | VI | 20 |
| Choi et al.33 | ClosureFAST | — | 200 | Local and sometimes general | 0 | 0 | 94.6 at 24 mo | VIII | 20 |
| Tolva et al.34 | ClosureFAST | — | 407 | General or epidural | 0 | 0 | 99 at 1 wk and 12 mo | VIII | 13 |
| Eidson et al.35 | NA | v. open surgery | 100 v. 100 | General: 16% v. 95% | — | — | 99 v. NA at 6 mo | V | 17 |
| ElKaffas et al.36 | ClosurePlus | v. open surgery | 90 v. 90 | Local v. general | 0 v. 1 | 0 | 93.3 v. 100 postoperatively; 85.2 v. 90.1 at 24 mo | III | 21 |
| Pisano et al.37 | ClosurePlus | v. open surgery | 107 v. 20 | Epidural or spinal | 0 | 0 | 100 postoperatively, 100 at 60 mo | VI | 10 |
| Park et al.38 | ClosurePlus (initially), ClosureFAST (subsequently) | v. open surgery | 78 v. 194 | Local | 0 | 0 | 76.7 v. 83.9 at 12 mo | V | 22 |
| Rasmussen et al.39 | ClosureFAST | v. open surgery v. laser treatment v. foam sclerotherapy |
148 v. 142 v. 144 v. 144 |
Local | 0 v. 1 v. 0 v. 1 | 0 v. 0 v. 0 v. 1 | 100 v. 96 v. 100 v. 97 postoperatively; 100 v. 97 v. 99 v. 98 at 1 mo; 94 v. 96 v. 93 v. 80 at 12 mo | III | 23 |
| Ravi et al.40 | ClosurePlus | v. laser | 159 v. 2841 | Local | 0 | 96.3 v. 98 postoperatively; NA v. 88.1 at 80 mo | VI | 14 | |
| Gale et al.41 | ClosurePlus | v. laser | 70 v. 72 | Local | 0 v. 1 | — | 100 v. 100 postoperatively; 82.3 v. 96.9 at 12 mo | III | 21 |
| Marsh et al.42 | ClosurePlus | v. laser | 2470 v. 350 | RFA general, laser treatment local | 17 v. 4 | 1 v. 0 | NA | VI | 21 |
| Gandhi et al.43 | ClosureFAST | v. laser | 40 v. 131 | General | — | 0 | NA | VI | 11 |
| Dzieciuchowicz et al.44 | ClosureFAST | v. laser | 43 v. 128 | Local 91% | 0 v. 2 | 0 | 100 v. 98.4 postoperatively; 91 v. 85.9 at 12 mo | IV | 18 |
| Nordon et al.25 | ClosureFAST | v. laser | 79 v. 80 | General | 0 | 0 | 100 v. 100 postoperatively; 97 v. 96 at 3 mo | III | 27 |
| Zuniga et al.45 | ClosurePlus (first 312), ClosureFAST (subsequent) | ClosurePlus v. ClosureFAST | 312 v. 355 | Local | 11 v. 0 | 0 | 88 v. 98 at 1 wk | V | 16 |
| van Eekeren et al.46 | ClosureFAST | v. mechanochemical endovenous ablation | 34 v. 34 | Local | 0 | 0 | NA | IV | 18 |
NA = not available; RFA = radiofrequency ablation.
*
When the table shows v., the first result concerns RFA; otherwise the results are for RFA only.
†
On a scale of level I (highest) to level IX (lowest).
‡
On a scale of 0 to 32.