Table 1.
Molecular/genetic contents of tumor-derived exosomes (TEX)
| Molecular/genetic contenta | Selected examples |
|---|---|
| Exosome Surface | |
| Signal transduction receptor/ligands | G-proteins |
| Inhibitory | Fas/FasL, PD-1/PDL-1 |
| TRAIL/TRAIL-R, TGF-β/TGFR | |
| Stimulatory | CD80, CD86, OX40/OX40L |
| MHC molecules | Class I; class II |
| Adhesion molecules | EPCAM, ICAM, CD44 |
| Integrins | αvβ5, αvβ6, αvβ1, α6β4 |
| Tetraspanins | CD9, CD63, CD81, CD82 |
| Membrane fusion proteins | Rab25, Rab27b, Annexins |
| Tumor-associated antigens | MAAs, LAAsb |
| Chaperones | Hsp70, Hsp90 |
| APM components | TAP-1, TAP-2 |
| Transmembrane proteins | LAMPs, CXCR4 |
| Enzymes | CD39, CD73, CD26 |
| Lipids | Cholesterol, ceramides, sphingomyelins, phospholipids |
| Exosome Lumen | |
| ESCRT-associated components | ALIX, TSG-101, syntenin-1, dynamin |
| Nucleic acids | mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA |
| Cytosolic proteins | Histones, nucleoproteins, ribosomal proteins |
| Proteases | GTP-ases, PL-ases, MMPs |
| Growth factors | EGF, FGF |
| Suppressive factors | PGE2, adenosine |
a
The exosome components listed above were selected from a list of many other molecules as reported in the ExoCarta based on the frequency of literature reports describing their presence in TEX.
b
MAA= melanoma-associated antigens; LAA=leukemia associated antigens