Table 5.
Risk factors for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) seropositivity in pigs
| Risk factors | n | JEV Ab− (%) |
JEV Ab+ (%) |
OR | 95% CI | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pig (n = 90) | |||||||
| Source | Same area Same state |
45 45 |
53.3 57.8 |
46.7 42.2 |
1.094 0.913 |
0.724–1.652 0.6–1.391 |
P > 0.05 Ref |
| Gender | Male Female |
70 20 |
58.6 45.0 |
41.4 55 |
0.884 1.528 |
0.702–1.114 0.703–3.322 |
P > 0.05 Ref |
| Age | Young Adult |
40 50 |
40.0 75.0 |
60.0 25.0 |
1.875 0.417 |
1.277–2.752 0.233–0.746 |
P = 0.001 Ref |
| Breed | Local Import |
88 2 |
56.8 0.0 |
43.2 100.0 |
0.950 NA |
0.885–1.020 NA |
P > 0.05 Ref |
| Healthy status | Sick Healthy |
9 81 |
77.8 53.1 |
22.2 46.9 |
0.357 1.105 |
0.78–1.626 0.968–1.261 |
P > 0.05 Ref |
| Owner | Shelter Personal |
3 87 |
0.0 57.5 |
100 42.5 |
0.925 NA |
0.847–1.010 NA |
P = 0.049 Ref |
| Collection area | |||||||
| Locality | Selangor Perak |
45 45 |
53.3 57.8 |
42.2 46.7 |
1.094 0.913 |
0.723–1.652 0.6–1.391 |
P > 0.05 Ref |
| Urban Rural |
88 2 |
0.0 56.8 |
100 0.0 |
0.885 NA |
0.885–1.020 NA |
P > 0.05 Ref |
|
| Stagnant water | Yes No |
89 1 |
100 56.2 |
100.0 0.0 |
0.975 NA |
0.928–1.025 NA |
P > 0.05 Ref |
| Paddy field | Yes No |
- 90 |
NA 44.4 |
NA 55.6 |
NA NA |
NA NA |
Ref Ref |
| Ardeid birds (presence) | Yes No |
88 2 |
54.5 100 |
45.5 0.0 |
1.042 NA |
0.984–1.102 NA |
P > 0.05 Ref |
| Mosquitoes (presence) | Yes No |
88 2 |
56.8 0.0 |
43.2 100 |
0.950 NA |
0.885–1.020 NA |
P > 0.05 Ref |
Ab− = antibody-positive; Ab+; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval, Central = NA = not applicable, Ref = reference category