Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics (N=1703)
| Characteristic | Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | P Valuea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥90 (n=116) | 80–89 (n=380) | 70–79 (n=485) | 60–69 (n=500) | <60 (n=222) | ||
| Age, y | 67±10 | 70±10 | 72±10 | 72±8.9 | 74±10 | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 40 (34) | 189 (50) | 240 (49) | 260 (52) | 122 (55) | 0.0066 |
| White race | 73 (63) | 287 (76) | 375 (77) | 412 (82) | 180 (81) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 12 (10) | 34 (9) | 31 (6) | 28 (6) | 10 (5) | 0.084 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 51 (44) | 144 (38) | 226 (47) | 226 (45) | 115 (52) | 0.014 |
| Coronary heart disease | 28 (24) | 115 (30) | 168 (35) | 213 (43) | 104 (47) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 12 (10) | 33 (9) | 39 (8) | 44 (9) | 26 (12) | 0.58 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 143±10 | 134±12 | 129±14 | 121±15 | 117±17 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 36±8.3 | 34±7.4 | 34±8.2 | 34±8.3 | 32±8.9 | 0.0012 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.07±0.34 | 1.11±0.32 | 1.13±0.33 | 1.19±0.35 | 1.25±0.35 | <0.001 |
| New York Heart Association class III–IV | 35 (30) | 117 (31) | 170 (35) | 185 (37) | 95 (43) | 0.029 |
| Prior heart failure hospitalization | 78 (67) | 222 (58) | 287 (59) | 280 (56) | 135 (61) | 0.24 |
| Aspirin use | 61 (53) | 200 (53) | 283 (58) | 305 (61) | 149 (67) | 0.0044 |
| Statin use | 60 (52) | 213 (56) | 323 (67) | 346 (69) | 170 (77) | <0.001 |
| Spironolactone use | 60 (52) | 190 (50) | 255 (53) | 245 (49) | 111 (50) | 0.84 |
| β‐Blocker use | 78 (67) | 282 (74) | 397 (82) | 418 (84) | 179 (81) | <0.001 |
| ACEI/ARB use | 105 (91) | 315 (83) | 377 (78) | 385 (77) | 174 (78) | 0.0061 |
| Calcium channel blocker use | 52 (45) | 152 (40) | 184 (38) | 192 (38) | 89 (40) | 0.70 |
| Diuretic use | 107 (92) | 336 (88) | 425 (88) | 457 (91) | 203 (91) | 0.20 |
| Long‐acting nitrate use | 16 (14) | 50 (13) | 92 (19) | 91 (18) | 45 (20) | 0.086 |
| Other antihypertensive medication use | 24 (21) | 56 (15) | 80 (16) | 78 (16) | 46 (21) | 0.25 |
Data are given as mean±SD or number (percentage). ACEI/ARB indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker.
a
Statistical significance for continuous data was tested using the analysis of variance, and categorical data were tested using the χ2 test.