Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Characteristics | Normal Angiogram (n=345) | Nonobstructive CAD (n=720) | 1‐Vessel CAD (n=611) | 2‐Vessel CAD (n=615) | 3‐Vessel CAD (n=796) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 56.9 (11.5) | 61.1 (12.1) | 64.3 (11.5) | 65.5 (10.2) | 66.4 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 152 (44.1) | 379 (52.6) | 401 (65.6) | 435 (70.7) | 622 (78.1) | <0.001 |
| Black race, n (%) | 79 (22.9) | 172 (23.9) | 94 (15.4) | 88 (14.3) | 103 (12.9) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 30.7 (7.4) | 30.1 (6.9) | 29.6 (5.6) | 29.3 (6) | 29.3 (5.7) | 0.181 |
| Estimated GFR, mean (SD), mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 82.2 (19.9) | 78.3 (20.8) | 73.6 (21.5) | 71.9 (21.8) | 70.7 (21) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 195 (56.5) | 453 (62.9) | 441 (72.2) | 424 (68.9) | 553 (69.5) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 62 (18) | 196 (27.6) | 215 (35.7) | 199 (32.4) | 333 (42.2) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 222 (64.5) | 487 (67.9) | 488 (80) | 496 (80.7) | 639 (80.6) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 178 (51.7) | 426 (59.4) | 473 (77.5) | 467 (76.4) | 658 (82.9) | <0.001 |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 11 (3.2) | 56 (7.8) | 58 (9.6) | 60 (9.8) | 90 (11.5) | 0.001 |
| History of heart failure, n (%) | 40 (11.6) | 157 (21.8) | 165 (27) | 143 (23.3) | 228 (28.6) | <0.001 |
| Ejection fraction, mean (SD), % | 58 (9.2) | 56.2 (10.5) | 55 (11) | 55 (10) | 52 (12) | <0.001 |
| History of myocardial infarction, n (%) | 5 (1.5) | 44 (6.3) | 136 (22.7) | 162 (27) | 293 (37.7) | <0.001 |
| History of PCI, n (%) | 6 (1.7) | 60 (8.3) | 336 (55) | 407 (66.2) | 545 (68.5) | <0.001 |
| History of CABG, n (%) | 2 (0.6) | 26 (3.6) | 77 (12.6) | 163 (26.5) | 481 (60.4) | <0.001 |
| ACE/ARB use, n (%) | 131 (38) | 332 (46.1) | 360 (58.9) | 390 (63.4) | 528 (66.3) | <0.001 |
| Aspirin use, n (%) | 167 (48.4) | 425 (59) | 494 (80.9) | 535 (87) | 671 (84.3) | <0.001 |
| Clopidogrel use, n (%) | 9 (2.6) | 75 (10.4) | 325 (53.2) | 415 (67.5) | 485 (60.9) | <0.001 |
| Statin use, n (%) | 134 (38.8) | 383 (53.2) | 464 (75.9) | 522 (84.9) | 671 (84.3) | <0.001 |
| β‐Blocker use, n (%) | 148 (42.9) | 362 (50.3) | 409 (66.9) | 459 (74.6) | 594 (74.6) | <0.001 |
| hs‐CRP, median (IQR), mg/dL | 2.55 (1–5.3) | 3.2 (1.3–6.33) | 2.4 (1–6.2) | 2.4 (1–5.4) | 2.3 (1–6) | 0.006 |
| hsTnI, median (IQR), pg/mL | 2.9 (1.8–4.3) | 3.6 (2.2–6) | 4.3 (2.7–7.7) | 5.1 (3–8.6) | 5.7 (3.4–9.8) | <0.001 |
ACE indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; hsTnI, high‐sensitivity troponin I; IQR, interquartile range; and PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
a
P value compares patients with CAD.