Table 1.
Patient Background Before and After Propensity Score Matching
| Characteristics | Before Matching | After Matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rehabilitation (n=49) | No Rehabilitation (n=163) | P Value | Rehabilitation (n=44) | No Rehabilitation (n=44) | P Value | |
| Age, y | 72±8 | 74±8 | 0.15 | 72±8 | 72±8 | 0.94 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 45 (92) | 126 (77) | 0.04 | 40 (91) | 38 (86) | 0.50 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24±3 | 24±4 | 0.81 | 24±3 | 23±3 | 0.29 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 36 (73) | 121 (74) | 0.33 | 33 (75) | 33 (75) | 1.00 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 30 (61) | 108 (66) | 0.13 | 28 (64) | 31 (70) | 0.49 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 8 (16) | 52 (32) | 0.10 | 8 (18) | 13 (30) | 0.22 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 7 (14) | 55 (34) | 0.01 | 7 (16) | 9 (20) | 0.58 |
| Former smoking, n (%) | 35 (71) | 60 (37) | <0.01 | 30 (68) | 32 (73) | 0.64 |
| Former smoking, n (%) | 4 (8) | 5 (3) | 0.22 | 4 (9) | 1 (2) | 0.17 |
| Family history of CAD, n (%) | 13 (27) | 11 (7) | <0.01 | 12 (27) | 4 (9) | 0.04 |
| Family history of AAA, n (%) | 2 (4) | 7 (4) | 0.33 | 2 (5) | 3 (7) | 0.61 |
| CAD, n (%) | 33 (67) | 98 (60) | 0.50 | 28 (64) | 20 (45) | 0.50 |
| CVD, n (%) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.02 | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.15 |
| COPD, n (%) | 2 (4) | 48 (29) | <0.01 | 2 (5) | 7 (16) | 0.08 |
| β or αβ Blocker, n (%) | 19 (39) | 39 (24) | 0.02 | 17 (39) | 9 (20) | 0.06 |
| ACE inhibitor, n (%) | 9 (18) | 21 (13) | 0.31 | 7 (16) | 4 (9) | 0.35 |
| ARB, n (%) | 25 (51) | 57 (35) | <0.01 | 24 (55) | 16 (36) | 0.11 |
| Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 30 (61) | 86 (53) | 0.29 | 26 (59) | 21 (48) | 0.24 |
| Statin, n (%) | 25 (51) | 54 (33) | <0.01 | 20 (45) | 12 (27) | 0.08 |
| EF, % | 56±13 | 61±14 | 0.03 | 57±11 | 63±11 | 0.05 |
| Dd, mm | 49±9 | 48±7 | 0.42 | 49±9 | 50±6 | 0.83 |
| Ds, mm | 35±10 | 32±9 | 0.08 | 33±8 | 33±8 | 0.73 |
| IVSth, mm | 11±2 | 10±1 | 0.06 | 11±2 | 11±2 | 0.37 |
| PWth, mm | 11±2 | 10±1 | <0.01 | 11±2 | 10±1 | 0.05 |
| Creatinine, mg/dLa | 1.1±0.4 | 1.0±0.4 | 0.30 | 1.1±0.4 | 1.0±0.4 | 0.20 |
| hsCRP, mg/dL | 1.7±1.6 | 0.8±2.6 | 0.05 | 1.8±1.7 | 1.0±2.1 | 0.09 |
| HbA1c (NGSP), % | 5.9±0.7 | 5.7±1.1 | 0.33 | 5.9±0.7 | 5.8±0.5 | 0.24 |
| T‐chol, mg/dL | 170±27 | 189±35 | <0.01 | 171±28 | 176±34 | 0.54 |
| LDL‐C, mg/dL | 104±23 | 113±29 | 0.30 | 105±23 | 110±30 | 0.60 |
| HDL‐C, mg/dL | 42±11 | 50±14 | <0.01 | 42±11 | 50±14 | 0.02 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 131±70 | 144±91 | 0.48 | 135±71 | 116±42 | 0.19 |
| Peak VO2, mL/kg per min | 14±4 | 18±6 | ||||
| AT, mL/kg per min | 9±1 | 12±3 | ||||
| ΔVE/ΔVCO2 slope | 36±10 | 34±10 | ||||
| ΔVO2/ΔWR, mL/min per watt | 8±2 | 9±3 | ||||
| Rehabilitation period, d | 57±60 | 59±62 | ||||
| Follow‐up, y | 4.7±3.0 | 6.3±3.3 | <0.01 | 4.8±3.0 | 5.1±3.3 | 0.62 |
Data are given as mean±SD unless otherwise indicated. AAA indicates abdominal aortic aneurysm; ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; AT, anaerobic threshold; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cerebrovascular disorder; Dd, diastolic diameter; Ds, systolic diameter; EF, ejection fraction; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; IVSth, interventricular septal thickness; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program; peak VO2, peak oxygen uptake; PWth, posterior wall thickness; T‐chol, total cholesterol; VCO2, CO2 output; VE, ventilation; and WR, work rate.
The patients undergoing hemodialysis were excluded.