Table 3.
Mean change in hemodynamic, respiratory, and neural variables during the first and second minute of static handgrip exercise in negative responders, nonresponders, and positive responders
| NEG (n = 7) |
NON (n = 10) |
POS (n = 12) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔHG1 | ΔHG2 | ΔHG1 | ΔHG2 | ΔHG1 | ΔHG2 | |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 17 ± 9 | 19 ± 8 | 9 ± 6 | 13 ± 10 | 12 ± 6 | 17 ± 9 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 10 ± 6 | 20 ± 10 | 10 ± 9 | 15 ± 9 | 8 ± 9 | 18 ± 12 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 8 ± 4 | 16 ± 8 | 6 ± 4 | 11 ± 7 | 6 ± 4 | 15 ± 7 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 9 ± 4 | 18 ± 9 | 8 ± 6 | 12 ± 7 | 7 ± 5 | 16 ± 9 |
| Cardiac output, l/min | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 1.1 |
| Stroke volume, ml/l | 0 ± 7 | −2 ± 10 | −1 ± 6 | −2 ± 10 | 1 ± 8 | −3 ± 8 |
| Total vascular conductance, ml·min−1·mmHg−1 | 12 ± 10 | 5 ± 8 | 4 ± 9 | 3 ± 10 | 8 ± 11 | 2 ± 8 |
| Respiration rate, breaths/min | 3 ± 2 | 2 ± 4 | 1 ± 4 | 1 ± 5 | 1 ± 3 | 0 ± 4 |
| Respiration depth, % AU | 39 ± 68 | 72 ± 100 | 48 ± 81 | 52 ± 59 | 32 ± 61 | 67 ± 99 |
| MSNA burst frequency, bursts/min | −4 ± 3 | 4 ± 5 | −1 ± 2 | 3 ± 6 | 6 ± 4* | 12 ± 5* |
| MSNA burst incidence, bursts/100 heartbeats | −12 ± 7 | −3 ± 8 | −5 ± 5 | 0 ± 8 | 3 ± 6* | 8 ± 8* |
Values are expressed as means ± SD.
*
Significant interaction effect, P < 0.01 vs. negative responders and nonresponders.