Fig. 3.

Gastroinhibitory effects of centrally administered apelin-13 are vagally mediated. A: original recording of antrum from a fasted rat in which the subdiaphragmatic posterior branch of the vagus was transected. Silk suture ligature was loosely affixed around the left cervical branch of vagus. Thirty minutes before the central apelin-13 application, the ligature was withdrawn, completing the surgical vagotomy (VGX). Double and triple oblique parallel lines designate a 3–5-min time interval spent for recovery and 30-min time periods before and after the surgical VGX, respectively. Graphic representation of the changes in gastric motility induced by 30 pmol of apelin-13 (B: antrum; D: corpus) before and after complete VGX. Graphic representation of the changes in gastric tone induced by 30 pmol of apelin-13 (C: antrum; E: corpus) before and after complete VGX. #P < 0.05 vs. 30 pmol of apelin-13, n = 5.