Fig. 3.
A: naproxen treatment markedly increased the cytotoxic effects of bile on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6; ***P < 0.001). Bile collected from rats that had been cotreated with naproxen and an H2S donor [diallyl disulfide (DADS)] exhibited reduced cytotoxicity, in a dose-dependent manner (ψP < 0.05; ψψψP < 0.001). The rats were treated orally twice daily for 2 days with naproxen at 20 mg/kg and with vehicle or DADS. B: denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of intestinal microbiota samples from rats treated with naproxen (20 mg/kg) plus vehicle or DADS (30 mmol/kg). Treatment with DADS (blue) caused a marked shift in microbiota relative to vehicle-treated rats (black). C: using a resampling technique (majority unweighted-pair-group method with arithmetic mean algorithm), the dendrogram clustering observed in B was confirmed, indicating a robust difference in microbiota composition between groups (black, vehicle-treated rats; blue, DADs-treated rats). Each group consisted of five rats. Data were analyzed with Dunnett’s multiple-comparison test (cytotoxicity). [From Blackler et al. (5).]