Table 3. Adjusted Mean Levels and Regression Coefficients for Lipid Biomarkers Among Participants 12-19 years old According to Tobacco Smoke Exposure, NHANES 1999-2012.

Lipid Biomarker	Weighted LS Mean ± Weighted SE	β Coefficient (SE)	P Value^a
Total Cholesterol (n = 10,905)
Unexposed^b	159.46 ± 0.92	(Ref)
Passively Exposed	161.55 ± 0.93	2.09 (0.89)	.02
Actively Exposed	156.04 ± 1.22	-3.41 (1.19)	.004
HDL-C (n = 4,142)^c
Unexposed	51.20 ± 0.60	(Ref)
Passively Exposed	49.12 ± 0.53	-2.08 (0.65)	.001
Actively Exposed	48.90 ± 0.73	-2.29 (0.81)	.005
Non-HDL-C (n = 4,142)^c
Unexposed	113.93 ± 1.73	(Ref)
Passively Exposed	114.74 ± 1.55	0.81 (1.88)	.67
Actively Exposed	112.17 ± 2.13	-1.76 (2.37)	.46
LDL-C (n = 5,085)
Unexposed	88.336 ± 1.30	(Ref)
Passively Exposed	92.49 ± 1.32	4.13 (1.15)	<.001
Actively Exposed	86.82 ± 1.64	-1.53 (1.53)	.32
Triglycerides (n = 5,259)
Unexposed	86.31 ± 3.00	(Ref)
Passively Exposed	89.29 ± 3.04	2.98 (2.66)	.26
Actively Exposed	94.18 ± 3.75	7.87 (3.53)	.03

Abbreviations: LS mean, least square mean; SE, standard error; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Analyses are adjusted for age (continuous), sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, or other race), household income level (< $20,000/y, $20,000-$44,999/y, $45,000-$74,999/y, ≥ $75,000/y), dietary intake (continuous; gram weight of food, energy, total fat, total saturated fatty acids, total monounsaturated fatty acids, total polyunsaturated fatty acids, sodium, and alcohol), and physical activity level (none/light, moderate, or vigorous).

Unexposed is defined as serum cotinine < 0.05 ng/mL; passively exposed is defined as serum cotinine 0.05-2.99 ng/mL; and actively exposed is defined as serum cotinine ≥ 3 ng/mL.

Did not adjust for physical activity due to all participants included in the analyses reporting none/light physical activity.